Present study was carried out in local population of Barikot, District Swat for incidence of malarial disease. For this purpose a total of 997 individuals were screened for malarial test in the study area and divided into four category of age i.e. (1-15), (16-30), (31-45), (46-onward), gender wise, union council (Kota, Barikot, Shamozo and Ghalegi) and month wise. It was concluded that out of 997 samples, 204 (20.46%) were found positive, in which mostly under positive, under 15 year of age (23.36%), whereas less cases were recorded in adult (46 and above) 22.64. Most of the positive cases were found in the month of November, 24 out of 67 (35.82%) and less cases were noted in the month of May which are 12 out of 106 (11.32%). Incidence of the cases were found in U.C Kota with 60 positive (26.08%) out of 230 blood samples and low prevalence in U.C Ghalaigai with 42 positive (13.12%) out of 320 samples. Gender wise prevalence of malaria disease shows male 106 (27.53%) out of 385 whereas female 98 (16.01%) out of 612.
Visible light driven metals (Gd and Tl) doped TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using low cost and facile liquid impregnation method. The prepared NPs were characterized using XRD, SEM/EDX, BET surface area analysis, particle size distribution analyzer, UV-Vis DRS and pH of point of zero charge (pH PZC) analyses. The crystalline phases observed were purely anatase with the particles size ranged between 24 and 30 nm possessing large surface area (74 m 2 /g) and pore size (12 nm). The reductions in the band gap energy for both the dopant systems were observed and absorption edges were extended to the visible region. The prepared NPs exhibited good photo-induced adsorption affinity for the As(III) from aqueous solution under natural pH of As(III) solution, ambient temperature and normal household compact fluorescent light. The metals-doped NPs showed high removal efficiency (up to 99%) towards As(III) compared to pure TiO 2 NPs (68%). In addition, the glass beads immobilized photocatalyst not only enhanced the efficiencies by increasing the active surface area of NPs, but also overcome the post-reaction separation steps. The regeneration study indicated that the physical regeneration is more significant for the reutilization of photocatalysts.
BACKGROUND: The discrepancy between the endogenous antioxidants concentrations and free radicals results in oxidative stress and cellular injury. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the usefulness of Rosemarinus officinalis (RO) aqueous extract in protecting buffalo spermatozoa
during freezing / thawing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualifying ejaculates from four well-restrained bulls were evaluated initially and then diluted in a freezing medium supplemented with RO-0.00, RO0.50%, RO-1.00%, RO-2.00%, and RO-4.00%, cooled to 4ºC in 2 h, equilibrated
for 4 h at 4ºC, packed in straws, and cryopreserved, and thawed at 37ºC for 30 s followed by evaluation. RESULTS: We found that freezing medium supplemented with RO-2.00% improves progressive motility (%) compared to the control. Similarly, a lower rate of apoptosis-like changes
(%) was recorded with RO4.00% than the control, RO-0.50% and RO-1.00%. This response was accompanied by an increment in viable spermatozoa. Semen samples supplemented with RO-2.00% and RO-4.00% displayed higher TAC (total antioxidant capacity, μM/L) and ATP (nmol/million) content than the
control. In addition, semen samples supplemented with RO-2.00% displayed lower concentrations of ROS (reactive oxygen species, 10 4 RLU/20 min/25 million) than the control and RO-0.05%. Also LPO (lipid peroxidation, μM/L) with RO-2.00% and RO-4.00% was lower than the control. CONCLUSION:
The inclusion of rosemary aqueous extract ameliorates motility features, structural and functional parameters, viability, TAC and ATP content of bull sperm. Conversely, the inclusion of rosemary aqueous extract alleviates apoptosis-like changes, ROS and LPO in comparison to the control.
Further studies are required to determine the mechanism of action of rosemary aqueous extract in ameliorating semen quality and fertility of buffalo spermatozoa.
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