Four extracts from the seaweed Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen in Jacq.) J.V. Lamour. (Rhodophyta), collected directly from its natural habitat or cultivated in the presence of phytohormones, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the replication of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex viruses types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) strains. The main purpose was to determinate whether these growth conditions would affect the antiviral activity. Our results showed the possibility of improving the anti-HSV activity by using extracts from algae cultured in the presence of phytohormones.
-(The influence of environmental factors on in vitro growth of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux (Rhodophyta)). Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux (Hypneaceae, Gigartinales) is an important carrageenan resource of Brazil used in the industry of phycocolloid gelling agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature (20 ºC and 25 ºC), enriched seawater with Provasoli's solution and aeration on the in vitro development of this species. Thalli of H. musciformis were collected from Prainha, Arraial do Cabo (RJ) in two different seasons of the year 2000 (April and July). In the laboratory, apical fragments weighing 0.2 g (15 mm long) were excised from the thalli and prepared for incubations at different abiotic factors. In decreasing order, multifactorial analysis of variance showed that the factors of higher influence on the growth of fragments were: water nutrient enrichment, aeration, temperature and season. All fragments increased in biomass and showed high phenotypic plasticity. The best results were obtained in nutrient enriched medium, aeration and at 25 ºC (biomass of 17 g and specific growth rate of 20.79 %.day -1 ). On the other hand, H. musciformis did not respond well in non nutrient enriched medium, absence of aeration and at 25 ºC (biomass of 0.7 g and specific growth rate of 0.07 %.day -1 ). The thalli collected in different seasons of the year did not demonstrate any sharp differences. We concluded that cultivation of apical fragments of H. musciformis produces good results that can provide a basis for future applications.RESUMO -(Influência de fatores ambientais sobre o crescimento in vitro de Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux (Rhodophyta)). Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamourox (Hypneaceae, Gigartinales) é uma fonte importante para o Brasil de um agente ficocolóide geleificante (carragenano) usado na indústria. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar a influência da temperatura (20 e 25 ºC), do enriquecimento água do mar com a solução de Provasoli e aeração sobre o desenvolvimento desta espécie in vitro. Os talos de H. musciformis foram coletados na Prainha, Arraial do Cabo (RJ) em duas diferentes épocas do ano de 2000 (abril e julho). No laboratório, fragmentos apicais pesando 0,2 g (15 mm de comprimento) foram excisados do talo e preparados para as incubações em diferentes combinações de fatores. Em ordem decrescente, a análise de variância multifatorial mostrou que os fatores de maior influência sobre o crescimento dos fragmentos apicais dos talos de H. musciformis foram: enriquecimento, aeração, a temperatura e o período do ano. Todos os fragmentos tiveram aumento de biomassa mostrando plasticidade fenotípica durante o período experimental. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos em culturas com meio de enriquecimento, com aeração e a 25 ºC (biomassa de 17 g e taxa específica de crescimento de 20,79 %.dia -1 ). Por outro lado, H. musciformis não respondeu bem em culturas não enriquecidas, ausência de aeração e a 25 ºC (biomassa de 0,7 e taxa de...
-(Callus growth and regeneration of apical segments of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta): obtention of axenic cultures and agar concentration effects). Axenic cultures of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux were established in Provasoli (PES) solid medium with different agar concentrations (0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% e 1.0%) to evaluate their effects on callus growth and plant regeneration. The cultures in solid medium induced the growth of four types of callus (apical -CApi, lateral 1 -CLat1, lateral 2 -CLat2, and basal -CBas), which consist of pigmented and unisseriate proliferations. The type CApi was the most frequent (rate of 5.3 calli per explant at 1.0% of agar). The highest biomass of regenerated plantlets (7.4 g) was obtained from calli cultured at 1.0% of agar. The growth of the four types of calli is reported for the first time, and indicates that different agar concentrations in the medium induce morphogenetic effects on callus growth and regeneration of apical segments in H. musciformis.Key words -agar effects, axenic culture, callus, Hypnea musciformis, Rhodophyta RESUMO -(Formação de calos e regeneração de segmentos apicais de Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta): obtenção de culturas axênicas e efeitos da concentração do ágar). Culturas axênicas de Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux foram estabelecidas em meio de Provasoli (PES) sólido com diferentes concentrações de ágar (0,4%, 0,6%, 0,8% e 1,0%) para avaliar o seu efeito na formação de calos e na regeneração de plantas. O cultivo em meio sólido induziu a formação de quatro tipos de calos (apical -CApi, lateral 1 -CLat1, lateral 2 -CLat2 e basal -CBas), os quais são constituídos internamente por proliferações unisseriadas pigmentadas. O tipo CApi foi o mais freqüente (taxa de 5,3 calos por explante em 1,0% de ágar). A maior biomassa das plântulas regeneradas (7,4 g) foi alcançada a partir de calos cultivados a 1,0% de ágar. A formação dos quatro tipos de calos é um dado inédito e indica que as diferentes concentrações de ágar no meio apresentam efeitos morfogenéticos no crescimento dos calos e na regeneração de segmentos apicais em H. musciformis.
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