This article describes how the growth process of feminism in China in the perspective of constructivism regarding the life-cycle of norms. In theory, there are three stages of how a norm which in this case is feminism through the life-cycle of norms. This research method uses a qualitative method of literature study. In this article, the findings are that there are three propositions related to the emergence of international norms in feminism in China, the first is Norm emergence which is described by the emergence of one of the famous female figures, namely, He Zhen, who adopted western feminism by not leaving Chinese cultural identity which was considered good for her. Chinese women's social change. In contrast to other reformers, He Zhen specifically separates the case of feminism from nationalism, stating that women's liberation is not for the sake of the nation, but rather a moral necessity. Second, the Norm Cascade is illustrated by the influence of China's state ratification of the Convention Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) held in Copenhagen Denmark, by accepting international norms on gender equality which in turn will require domestic laws to make some changes to suit the issue. Third, Internalization is described by the growth process of Chinese feminism, namely the process of fusion with culture within the body of feminism itself, or in other words, feminism that develops has its own unique characteristics that are not owned by other countries and only China has it.Keywords: Chinese feminism, constructivism perspective, the life-cycle of norms
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor pendorong Amerika Serikat melakukan kerjasama Trilateral dengan Jepang dan Korea Selatan terhadap pelanggaran Sanksi Internasional Korea Utara tahun 2021. Pengembangan sejata nuklir dan rudal balistik yang dilakukan Korea Utara sepanjang tahun 2020 membuat Amerika Serikat mendorong Kerjasama diplomasi Trilateral bersama dua negara sekutunya di Asia Timur yaitu Jepang dan Korea Selatan. Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Jepang dan Korea Selatan terjalin karena ketiga negara tersebut mempunyai latar belakang sejarah yang saling berkaitan. Jepang merupakan negara yang kalah dalam Perang Dunia II melawan Amerika Serikat dan sekutunya, serta Amerika Serikat merupakan negara yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap terbaginya semenanjung korea menjadi dua negara serta bepengaruh dalam pembentukan negara Korea Selatan. Tindakan self defense yang diklaim korea utara meningkatkan kembali ketegangan di Kawasan asia timur dan mengancam Amerika Serikat sebagai negara hegemoni. Teori yang digunakan penulis adalah teori rational choice yang menyatakan bahwa aktor negara melakukan suatu Tindakan didasarkan atas cost and benefit. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah kualitatif dengan studi literatur. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Amerika Serikat menghentikan pengembangan program nuklir Korea Utara, Pilihan Kebijakan : Sanksi Ekonomi dan Langkah Militer, , Pemasangan sistem pertahanan rudal atau Terminal High-Altitude Defense System (THAAD) dan melakukan Diplomasi Trilateral Amerika Serikat, Jepang, dan Korea Selatan
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the collaboration between Australia and Indonesia in the development of the education sector in Australia through the ACICIS (Australian Consortium for In-Country Indonesian Studies) organization which was established in 1994. ACICIS is a consortium of non-profit universities that develops and coordinates various study options quality in Indonesia for Australian, non-Australian and individual students. The reason Australia and Indonesia collaborate in the education sector is to improve the quality and quality of education in both countries, at the university level. In this journal, we discuss how cooperation between Australia and Indonesia in the education sector through the ACICIS organization. To find out the system of cooperation between the two parties, in carrying out this collaboration, researchers used an approach to the theory of international cooperation.
Keywords: ACICIS (Australian Consortium for In-Country Indonesian Studies), international cooperation, education.
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