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Tragopogon dubius and Tussilago farfara are consumed as vegetables and used in folk medicine to manage common diseases. Herein, the chemical compositions and biological activities of different leaf extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of T. dubius and T. farfara were evaluated. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant abilities of the extracts were tested using different assays including free radical scavenging, reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays. Enzyme inhibitory potentials were evaluated against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Complexes of bioactive compounds (chlorogenic and rosmarinic acid) were docked into the enzymatic cavity of α-glucosidase and subjected to molecular dynamic calculation, enzyme conformational stability, and flexibility analysis. T. dubius and T. farfara extracts showed remarkable antioxidant potentials. Ethyl acetate extracts of T. dubius and T. farfara were the most potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. T. dubius ethyl acetate extract and T. farfara methanolic extract showed noteworthy activity against α-glucosidase. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the abundance of some phenolic compounds including chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids. Ethyl acetate extract of T. dubius showed notable antifungal activity against all strains. Docking studies showed best pose for chlorogenic acid was stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds with residues Asp1157, Asp1279, whereas rosmarinic acid showed several hydrogen bonds with Asp1157, Asp1420, Asp1526, Lys1460 and Trp1369. This study further validates the use of T. dubius and T. farfara in traditional medicine, as well as act as a stimulus for further studies for future biomedicine development. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

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Gündoğmuş (Antalya/Türkiye) yöresinden bazı etnobotanik bilgiler Gündoğmuş (Antalya) yöresinde 2011 yılında yaptığımız etnobotanik çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, çeşitli amaçlarla yararlanılan toplam 71 bitki (takson) belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 37'si halk ilacı olarak tedavide kullanılan bitkilerdir. Bu bitkilerin en çok sindirim sistemi ve solunum yolları rahatsızlıklarının giderilmesinde ve şeker hastalığı tedavisinde kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bitkilerden diğer amaçlarla; besin kaynağı olarak (18 yabani bitki), koku ve lezzet vermek amacıyla (10 bitki), çay yapımında (5 bitki), kahve yapımında (2 bitki), sakız elde edilmesinde (2 bitki), sirke, turşu ve nar ekşisi yapımında (3 bitki), özel hayvan yemi olarak (6 bitki), kereste olarak (5 bitki), yakacak olarak (5 bitki), sabun olarak (3 bitki), süs olarak (2 bitki), yapıştırıcı elde edilmesinde (2 bitki), sepet yapımında (2 bitki), süpürge olarak (2 bitki), meyvelerin altına sermek için (2 bitki), çelenk yapımında (1 bitki), süzgeç olarak (1 bitki), tespih yapımında (1 bitki), çardak örtüsü olarak (1 bitki), dam yapımında (1 bitki), derilerin tabaklanmasında (1 bitki) ve balık avlamada (1 bitki) yararlanıldığı saptanmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler: Gündoğmuş, Antalya, etnobotanik, yararlı bitkiler, geleneksel halk ilacı ABS TRACT Some ethnobotanical notes from gündoğmuş district (Antalya/Turkey) According to the results of our ethnobotanical study made in Gündoğmuş (Antalya) in 2011, total 71 taxa used for various purposes were determined. Thirty-seven taxa were used as folk medicine in treatment. These were mostly used for digestive system disorders, respiratory diseases and diabetes. In addition, other usages of the plants were also recorded as: nutrient (18 wild plants), spice (10 plants), herbal tea ( 5plants), coffee (2 plants), gum (2 plants), vinegar, pickle and granate sauce (3 plants), fodder (6 plants), timber (5 plants), firewood (5 plants), cleaner as soap (3 plants), ornament (2 plants), glue (2 plants), basket (2 plants), broom (2 plants), fruit mattress (2 plants), garland (1 plant), strainer (1 plant), rosary (1 plant), arbour cover (1 plant), roof construction (1 plant), leather tanning (1 plant), fishing (1 plant).

Ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria var. pallida (ATP) and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba (ACT) were investigated for their phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant, and key enzyme inhibitory potentials. All extracts displayed antiradical effects, with MeOH and aqueous extracts being a superior source of antioxidants. On the other hand, EA and MeOH extracts were potent against AChE and BChE. Enzyme inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase were observed, as well. We also studied Anthemis extracts in an ex vivo experimental neurotoxicity paradigm. We assayed extract influence on oxidative stress and neurotransmission biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serotonin (5-HT), in isolated rat cortex challenged with K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer (excitotoxicity stimulus). An untargeted proteomic analysis was finally performed in order to explore the putative mechanism in the brain. The pharmacological study highlighted the capability of ACT water extract to blunt K+ 60 mM increase in LDH level and 5-HT turnover, and restore physiological activity of specific proteins involved in neuron morphology and neurotransmission, including NEFMs, VAMP-2, and PKCγ, thus further supporting the neuroprotective role of ACT water extract.

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