Objective-This study was aimed at approximate the prevalence of hyperglycemia in India. Methods-The study was conducted using the Demographic and Health survey 2015-16, which surveyed 811,808 individuals using a stratified, multistage, cluster sampling design. This cross-sectional survey recorded the socio-demographic and anthropometric data, blood glucose levels of adults aged 18 to 54 years. Results-The final analysis included 718,597 individuals of which 49.9% (weighted) were males. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.65% and prediabetes was 5.57%. A positive association was seen with urban residence, geographic region, gender, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and hypertension. About 2/3 rd of all the diabetic population live in urban areas. About half of the urban population is considered overweight/obese. South India region showed a high prevalence of diabetes (PR=2.01;p<0.001) compared to Northern India. Conclusion-Hyperglycemia (Diabetes and prediabetes) have a high prevalence in India and is a major public health issue. Diabetes is unevenly distributed based on geographic location and urbanization. Prevention, early detection and treatment strategies should include this uneven distribution of diabetes.

IntroductionSpecial needs population have barriers accessing healthcare, higher incidence of sexual assaults and lower sexual education. Due to the above this study was conducted- 1) To assess the current prevalence of oral HPV infection among individuals with SHCN (special health care needs) as compared to the general population and 2) To compare the prevalence of HPV vaccination in SHCN individuals (within the recommended age groups) to general population.MethodsThis data was obtained from NHANES 2013-14 and included 665 individuals with special needs. Weighted prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated for oral HPV infection by gender, age (18–59 years), race, smoking history, economic status, and sexual behavior. Prevalence rates were calculated for HPV vaccination.ResultsOral HPV was detected in 9% (7.1–11.5; p = 0.05) of special needs adults. High-risk HPV genotypes prevalence was also higher among adults with special needs [5.56% (3.9–7.9) vs 3.87% (2.7–5.4)]. The HPV vaccination rates among 9–26 years special needs females (33.5% vs 37%) and males aged 9–21 years (16.7% vs 21.2%) with special needs was lower than non-special needs individuals.ConclusionThere is higher burden of oral HPV infection among adults with special needs compared to general population. Contrastingly, lower vaccination rates were observed among them within the recommended age groups. Further studies are required to determine the barriers to HPV vaccination among individuals with special needs.