Furthermore, analyses of ABCB1 haplotypes should be taken into account to study the relationship between ABCB1 genotypes and imatinib efficacy.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focusing on pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignancy in children younger than 15 years old, have found evidence that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IKZF1 (7p12.2), ARID5B (10q21.2), CDKN2A (9p21.3), and CEBPE (14q11.2) are strongly associated to the risk of developing pediatric ALL. These studies have been conducted in European and Thai populations, and it is unclear whether these observations generalize to other populations with a lower incidence of pediatric ALL. In order to explore the impact of these variants on pediatric ALL risk in the Tunisian population, we genotyped 58 cases of pediatric ALL and 150 controls for SNPs rs4132601 (7p12.2), rs7089424 (10q21.2), rs3731217 (9p21.3), and rs2239633 (14q11.2). Our results, which are consistent with findings in European populations, show that 3 SNPs, i.e., rs4132601 (P = .00116, odds ratio [OR] = 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.42, 5.87]), rs7089424 (P = .0022, OR = 0.49, 95% CI = [0.31, 0.79]), and rs2239633 (P = .0010, OR = 0.47, 95% CI = [0.29, 0.75]) are significantly associated with a higher risk of developing pediatric ALL (P < .05). Furthermore, we show differences in allele frequencies in SNPs between Tunisian and Caucasian and/or Thai populations (e.g., CEBPE, rs2239633; population attributable risk [PAR] ∼15-fold the PAR of Thai population). These differences, combined with differences in linkage disequilibrium structure between populations and differences in size between populations, may contribute to racial differences in pediatric ALL incidence.

hOCT1 mRNA expression may serve as a clinical biomarker of response to imatinib and could be useful to predict IM therapy outcome of CML patients.

This paper suggests a dual-band 28/38 GHz four element MIMO array based on dual-mode planar monopole antennas for 5G wireless applications. The design structure contains four planar monopole antennas; located at the corners on a 20×20 mm 2 size Rogers RO4003 substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55. The proposed planar monopole antenna has the shape of a crescent. In order to achieve the desired behavior and performance, we engraved two rectangular slots on both sides and also added a notch at the bottom. In addition, we used a partial ground plane to enhance the isolation. Signi cant isolation ( > − 23 dB) is achieved between antenna elements by employing spatial and polarization diversity techniques. To validate the design concept, a prototype of the fourelement MIMO array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna can cover the 27.25-29 GHz and 34.5-41 GHz bands with good isolation and high e ciency. Furthermore, the radiation pattern, the realized gain and the channel capacity are also studied. According to the reached results, the proposed MIMO antenna may be a suitable application-oriented design for 5G MIMO applications at the millimeter-wave range.