Millimeter-Wave Dual-Band MIMO Antennas for 5G Wireless Applications

Abstract

This paper suggests a dual-band 28/38 GHz four element MIMO array based on dual-mode planar monopole antennas for 5G wireless applications. The design structure contains four planar monopole antennas; located at the corners on a 20×20 mm 2 size Rogers RO4003 substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.55. The proposed planar monopole antenna has the shape of a crescent. In order to achieve the desired behavior and performance, we engraved two rectangular slots on both sides and also added a notch at the bottom. In addition, we used a partial ground plane to enhance the isolation. Signi cant isolation ( > − 23 dB) is achieved between antenna elements by employing spatial and polarization diversity techniques. To validate the design concept, a prototype of the fourelement MIMO array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna can cover the 27.25-29 GHz and 34.5-41 GHz bands with good isolation and high e ciency. Furthermore, the radiation pattern, the realized gain and the channel capacity are also studied. According to the reached results, the proposed MIMO antenna may be a suitable application-oriented design for 5G MIMO applications at the millimeter-wave range.

Design and Analysis of Modified U-Shaped Four Element MIMO Antenna for Dual-Band 5G Millimeter Wave Applications

“…The recommended MIMO antenna performance has been compared to other antennae that have been previously described in Table 1 . It is evident that most MIMO antenna configurations discussed in [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] are larger than the suggested antenna, thereby limiting their suitability for usage with modern compact devices. When compared to the existing antennae, it is evident that the recommended design outperforms them in terms of size, impedance bandwidth, isolation, peak gain, ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, and MEG.…”

“…Consequently, improving isolation or reducing mutual coupling between adjacent antenna presents a challenge [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Extensive research has already been conducted to address isolation improvement and mutual coupling reduction in MIMO antenna systems [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…These approaches include the use of rectangular ground slots [ 10 ], inverted antenna elements with high spacing [ 11 ], a rectangular micro-strip stub with a defected ground plane [ 12 ], narrow and T-shaped slots on the ground plane [ 13 ], DGS with a T-shaped stub on the ground [ 14 ], orthogonal arrangement of antenna elements [ 15 ], diversity in antenna element placement [ 16 ], antenna with multiple layers having different dielectric constants [ 17 ], inverted arrangement of radiators [ 18 , 19 ], and double-side EBG (DS-EBG) structure [ 20 ]. Furthermore, various methods for improving isolation in four element MIMO systems have been established [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. These methods include the integration of a low-pass filter in the antenna structure [ 21 ], a tapered slot on the ground plane [ 22 ], a new rounded patch electromagnetic band gap (EBG) cell [ 23 ], two repetitions of regular split-ring slots on a partial ground [ 24 ], and integrating circular and semi-circular shaped gaps as well as a cross-shaped ground changed with a prolonged circular-shaped flaw [ 25 ], a defective ground with a circular, rectangular, and zigzag-shaped slotted arrangement [ 26 ], a slotted zigzag decoupling assembly imprinted from edge to edge on the top side of the patch [ 27 ], utilizing two successive iterations of ground structures with defects [ 28 ], a basic geometric parasitic element loaded in between the MIMO elements [ 29 ], the use of a partial ground plane [ 30 ], incorporating ladder resonator [ 31 ], use of orthogonal mode pairs ...…”

“…Furthermore, various methods for improving isolation in four element MIMO systems have been established [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. These methods include the integration of a low-pass filter in the antenna structure [ 21 ], a tapered slot on the ground plane [ 22 ], a new rounded patch electromagnetic band gap (EBG) cell [ 23 ], two repetitions of regular split-ring slots on a partial ground [ 24 ], and integrating circular and semi-circular shaped gaps as well as a cross-shaped ground changed with a prolonged circular-shaped flaw [ 25 ], a defective ground with a circular, rectangular, and zigzag-shaped slotted arrangement [ 26 ], a slotted zigzag decoupling assembly imprinted from edge to edge on the top side of the patch [ 27 ], utilizing two successive iterations of ground structures with defects [ 28 ], a basic geometric parasitic element loaded in between the MIMO elements [ 29 ], the use of a partial ground plane [ 30 ], incorporating ladder resonator [ 31 ], use of orthogonal mode pairs [ 32 ] and orthogonal placement of radiating elements [ 33 ]. While these aforementioned antennae offer high isolation, they tend to be large and have complicated designs.…”

Dual-band 5G MIMO antenna with enhanced coupling reduction using metamaterials

“…By leveraging MIMO, the performance and reliability of millimeter-wave transmissions can be significantly improved in the context of 5G networks. This improvement can be achieved by considering a small space between the radiating elements, high isolation, and lower correlation values between the antennas 15 – 17 . In millimeter-wave systems, the limited space between the antenna’s can result in significant coupling.…”