No abstract

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a rapidly expanding topic; the junction of nanotechnology and biotechnology has gained a lot of attention as a result of the growing need for ecologically friendly and effective food safety technologies. Sweet green bell pepper (SGBP) is a perishable vegetable with a short shelf life and a high risk of fungal illness throughout the handling and storage procedure. This study aims to compare the efficacy of different chitosan preparations (irradiated and nanoparticles) in preserving SGBP. Chitosan powder was irradiated by Co 60 γ-radiation with a total exposure dose of 40 kGy. Six solutions were prepared; chitosan, irradiated chitosan, and nanocomposite (chitosan, mucilage) with two concentrations, 0.5%,1% for each one. The treatments were applied for the six groups of SGBP fruits by immersion in one solution for two minutes and stored in the refrigerator condition for 28 days. Microbiological and physiochemical analyses were determined weekly. All treatments generally decreased the total microbial count, especially at 1% concentration of the irradiated chitosan treatment. The fungal growth was completely suppressed by treatments with concentration 1%. In addition, the results of chemical analysis showed that the treated fruits retained the acceptable quality characteristics of the consumers compared to the untreated fruits.

The current note hypothesised that human/tourism beach activities in Rommel Bay, Marsa Matrouh, Egypt (31° 21′ 39.9′′N 27° 15′ 12.3′′E) affected the marine invertebrates in this area. The note resulted in some new findings of arthropod, molluscan, and seagrasses species diversity and distribution. The hypothesised study concluded that human/tourism beach activities did not eliminate the invertebrate communities, but these animals have shifted and moved themselves to escape away from noise and pollution. Further investigations should be taken into consideration about aquatic insects, mites, crustaceans, seagrasses, and molluscans diversity and distribution, to figure out the actual structures and interactions between these animals within the Rommel Bay ecosystem, besides what are the stresses they have, and what are the consequences.

The National Research Centre’s experimental research station (NRCERS) locates in Wadi El Natrun, Egypt 30°29'54.22"N 30°19'10.94"E. The NRCERS has various crop yields (vegetables, fruits, ornamental, and field crops) for different experimental treatments. It followed conventional agricultural procedures in vegetation, fertilisation, irrigation, and plant protection. Such policies have not been evaluated for their impacts on arthropod diversity and distribution. Thus, this study conclusion aims to sufficiently map the arthropod species (pest/predators) distribution, measure the biodiversity indices, to the NRCERS agricultural policies to be modified to support arthropod diversity.