Ovarian torsion is an important reproductive gynecological emergency in daily life and physiology. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein capable of hematopoietic development and successfully used in the treatment of congenital granulocytopenia. In our study, we aimed to investigate protective effects of G-CSF on ovarian ischemia reperfusion (IR) immunohistochemically. Four groups were used. In control group, abdomen was opened and closed with the surgical protocol. The rats in the G-CSF group were given 100 µg/kg G-CSF subcutaneously before the IR and the abdomen was surgically opened and closed. 3-h of ischemia was and then 3-h reperfusion was induced in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group. In the IR+G-CSF group, 100 µg/kg G-CSF was given before the procedure and IR was performed. At the end of the experiment, ovarian tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and then processed for routine paraffin tissue protocol. Normal ovarian histology was observed in the control and G-CSF groups. In the IR group, vascular dilatations, hemorrhage and increased inflammation were observed. In the I/R+G-CSF group, pathology in seen IR was decreased. IL-6 expression was mainly negative in control and G-CSF groups. Positive IL-6 immune reaction was observed in the granulosa cells and stromal area. In the I/R+G-CSF group, IL-6 expression was significantly decreased in ovarian follicular structures and in the stromal area compared to the I/R group. In conclusion, G-CSF reduced vascular dilatation and inflammation in the ovarian IR model and promoted ovarian folliculogenesis. Keywords: Ovary, Ischemia/reperfusion, G-CSF, Azan, IL-6, Immunohistochemistry
Purpose: To investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and angiogenetic factor endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in regulating hypoxia and placental development by routine histopathological methods. Methods: Twenty preeclamptic and normal placentas were used. Placenta tissue pieces were examined histopathologically after routine paraffin follow-ups. HIF-1α and ET-1 proteins were examined immunohistochemically, and placental tissues were examined ultrastructurally. Results: Increase in syncytial proliferation, endothelial damage in vessels, and increase in collagen were observed in preeclamptic placentas. As a result of preeclampsia, an increase was observed in HIF-1α and ET-1 protein levels in the placenta. Dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and loss of cristae in mitochondria were observed in trophoblast cells in preeclamptic placental sections. Conclusions: High regulation of oxygen resulting from preeclampsia has been shown to be a critical determinant of placentagenesis and plays an important role in placental differentiation, changes in maternal and fetal blood circulation, trophoblastic invasion, and syncytial node increase. It has been thought that preeclampsia affects secretion by disrupting the endoplasmic reticulum structure and induces mitochondrial damage, and that ET-1 may potentially help in the induction of stress pathways as a result of hypoxia in preeclampsia.
Background. Placenta previa is a pregnancy condition associated with the development of complications related to placental insufficiency, including hypertension, preeclampsia and perinatal mortality. Dysfunction in uteroplacental arteries causes the release of cytokines, leukotrienes and immunomodulatory hormones, which leads to an inflammatory reaction.Objectives. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are known to play crucial roles in inflammation and angiogenetic regulation. This study aimed to demonstrate the morphometric and immunohistochemical effects on inflammation and angiogenesis underlying placenta previa. Materials and methods.Twenty pregnant patients with placenta previa and 20 healthy pregnant patients, all between 30 and 38 weeks gestational age, were included in the study. The gestational age of the pregnancies was determined according to the last date of menstruation and/or ultrasonographic measurements. Blood samples and clinical data were obtained from the prenatal patient groups. Samples were taken from the connecting stem region from both groups.Results. The mean difference between the control and placenta previa patients was statistically significant for the parameters of blood vessels in villi, diameter of floating small villus, decidual cells, syncytial knots, congestion in blood vessels, fibrinoid accumulation, and inflammation. Significant degeneration and apoptotic changes in the syncytial cells of the root villi and an increase in syncytial nodes and bridges were observed in the placenta previa specimens. In the connecting stem region of the placenta previa samples, blood vessel dilatation, endothelial cell hyperplasia and a higher number of syncytial nodes were observed. In the immuno histochemical examination of the placenta previa samples, an increase in NF-κB and VEGF expression was observed in the endothelial cells, syncytial cells and Hofbauer cells.Conclusions. Vascular endothelial growth factor was found to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and to significantly affect angiogenesis during the developmental process of the placenta and remodeling of the uterine vessels, inducing NF-κB signaling and apoptotic development during cytotrophoblastic invasion in the vascularization of the placenta.
Aim: Many antioxidant compounds have been tried to prevent traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of Resveratrol in the hippocampus in TBI by histopathologic and immunologic evaluation. Study Design: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Control, TBI, TBI+Resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day, oral) groups. Rats were subjected to traumatic brain injury by dropping the weight from a height with a 50 g/1m weight-height impact device. All rats were decapitated 14 days after trauma induction and the protective effects of Resveratrol were evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Result: In the TBI group, degeneration of cells, dilatation of vessels and apoptosis due to traumatic inflammation were observed in the alveus and pyramidal layer. In the plexiform layer, synaptic degeneration was present in nerve extensions. In TBI+Resveratrol group, vascular dilatation was decreased and axonal extensions were normal, hyperplasia was observed in pyramidal neurons. S100 expression was positive in pyramidal neurons, glial cells and vascular endothelium. In the Resveratrol treated group, negative expression was observed in membranes, pyramidal neurons and positive s100 expression was observed in plexiform layer and axons. Conclusion: We suggest that after TBI, Resveratrol treatment alleviates cerebral tissue pathology and can be demonstrated by s100 expression in neuronal regeneration. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, hippocampus, s100, Resveratrol, immunohistochemistry
Ovarian torsion is one of the gynecological emergencies that affect ovarian tissue integrity and fertility. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of Momordica charantia (MC) on ovarian tissue injury induced by ovarian ischemia-reperfusion. Twenty-four rats were assigned to three groups: control group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group and IR + MC group. 600 mg/kg MC extract were given rats via orogastric route. 3-hour ischemia and 3-hour reperfusion were performed for IR protocol. At the end of experiment, ovarian tissues were excised, fixed in zinc-formalin and processed for routine paraffin wax tissue embedding. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Ovarian sections of control group showed regular histological appearance. In ovarian sections of I/R group, hemorrhage, fibrin accumulation, mononuclear cell infiltration and degenerated follicles were observed. I/R + MC group showed improved histopathology caused by I/R injury. We think that MC extract may protect ovarian tissue integrity and its histological structures.
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