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Economic Crisis and Marital Problems in Turkey: Testing the Family Stress Model This paper applied the family stress model to the case of Turkey in the wake of the 2001 economic crisis. Using structural equation modeling and a nationally representative urban sample of 711 married women and 490 married men, we tested whether economic hardship and the associated family economic strain on families resulted in greater marital problems. Our results showed a modified family stress model applies to Turkey. In contrast to most previous research, economic strain had a direct effect on marital problems, and the indirect effect of strain, via emotional distress, was only significant for women. The results were interpreted in light of social and cultural factors that condition how economic distress affects marital relations.It is well known that economic crises can have devastating social consequences. Countries hit by recent economic crises have typically experienced sharp increases in unemployment and poverty and declining living standards (Ching, 1999; World Bank, 1998). Although much of the research on economic crises focuses on macroeconomic trends, how crises affect household

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Drawing on recent research on education in developing countries, this article examines gender inequality in schooling in Turkey. Using a nationally representative sample of Turkish youths, it assesses the effects of macrostructure, family resources, and cultural attitudes and practices on primary and postprimary school attainment. The results show that while locality, family resources, and family structure and culture influence the education of both genders, girls' chances of postprimary schooling are greater if they live in metropolitan areas and in less patriarchal families. Birth-order comparisons indicate that older daughters are less likely to complete postprimary schooling than are their younger sisters. Girls' primary school attainment is facilitated by having other family members who help with child care. The findings are discussed in light of trends in Turkish society and their implications for future research.

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