Palm oil mill contributed a significant benefit to agro-based industry and social-economic for Malaysia. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is considered as a polluted wastewater and the treated POME sludge was produced from the open treatment ponds. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of treated POME sludge and its potential as an organic fertilizer. It was collected from the dumping ponds in Felda Jengka 8, palm oil mill. Physicochemical characteristics, sampling and preparation of samples were analyzed according to the standard method of soil and the wastewater. The samples were collected after one and six month of age with different depths (one, two and three meters). The statistical analysis revealed that the depth was not significant on the physicochemical characteristics. The characteristics of the treated POME sludge was measures using CHNS-O, C/N ratio, solid analysis, heavy metal, macro-and micronutrient, moisture content, and pH. However, the elements of oxygen, iron and pH were shown an interaction effects with time. In conclusion, the treated POME sludge has shown significant effect and the potential used as an organic fertilizer. Indeed, further studies on crops response are being conducted to prove the findings.
Application of organic amendment has become a substantial option and it is originated from oil palm waste. The integrated application of organic and inorganic amendment on crops could effectively gain high yield of production. After application of treatments, variables such as pressure head, water content, hydraulic capacity, hydraulic conductivity, and diffusivity are important to determine and observe its effect on soil physical properties using RETC model. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of organic and inorganic amendments on Rasau soil series (Entisols). The comparison was made on the effect of organic amendments (Biogreen-BG and treated POME Sludge-TPS), and NPK fertilizer, and on maize yield which two of the treatments are the combination of organic and inorganic amendments (BG+NPK and TPS+NPK). The soil water holding capacity for NPK+TPS treatment was the highest compared to the control treatment. Hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was shown higher in NPK+BG treatment compared to the other treatments. In addition, the soil physical properties measurement in each treatment improved the soil hydraulic capacity uptake and moisture content. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer has shown a significant result in improving soil hydraulic properties compared to the NPK and control treatment.
The underutilized and improper management of wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent sludge (POME) sludge might create pollution and give a negative impact towards the environment. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of shear strength parameter and root length density of maize on Entisols applied with POME sludge as a soil amendment. The maize was planted on Rasau soil series (Entisols) amended with different POME sludge treatment systems from various ponds (mixing, anaerobic, facultative, algae, and dumping). Standard direct shear box test was used to identify the cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (ϕ) after application of treatments. The bulk density, porosity, moisture content, organic matter, root length and root density of Zea mays L. (Hibrimas) applied with POME sludge from dumping pond (DP), aglae pond (ALP) and facultative pond (FP) were significantly difference against the control treatment. The positive effect of root length and root length density (RLD) treated with POME sludge from the dumping pond was 26% and 38% compared to the other treatments. The results highlighted that roots enhanced soil shear strength by reducing the cohesion and increased the angle of internal friction component.The shear strength analysis showed that high shear strength of normal stress at 500.72 kN/m 2 was measured from the dumping pond's POME sludge treatment after maize harvesting. The POME sludge from the DP, ALP and FP was ameliorating some nutrients deficiencies for the plant growth and improved the root length density. In conclusion, the POME sludge from the DP indicated the high shear strength and root length densitie due to the adequate nutrients for roots distribution and maize growth.Keywords: Shear strength, root length density, Entisols, POME sludge IntroductionMaintaining and replenishing organic matter into the soil is important to sustain the productivity of the soil in the tropical climate. Generally, Malaysia had produced about half of organic waste from oil palm industry, which has not been fully utilized. According to Embrandiri et al., (2013) palm oil mill effluent (POME), palm kernel cake, decanter cake, empty fruit bunch and palm kernel shell were potential to be processed and used as an organic matter amendment for land application. Recently, some studies were using decanter cake with lady's finger (Embrandiri et al., 2013), tannery sludge with capsicum plants (Silva et al., 2010), cowpea and olive mill waste with lettuce and chicory (Kelepesi and Tzortzakis, 2009) as their organic matter materials for soil amendment. Unfortunately, only a few studies were focused on POME sludge as a soil amendment for the plant growth. According to Khairuddin et al., (2016), the treated POME sludge was identified equally balance with C, N, and macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na). Mostly, these elements were vital for soil improvement and productivity of the crops. Moreover, heavy metal content in POME sludge was in accordance with the standard from WHO/FAO that is safe for human consu...
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