Effects of Mix Vegetation and Root Shear Strength Grown on Carbonaceous Shale

Isa, Isharudin Md; Shamshuddin, J.; Khairuddin, Mohd Nizar

doi:10.3923/ajaps.2017.66.78

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, plant roots have shown to provide additional cohesion to the soil, but not additional internal friction, by laboratory shear tests (e.g., Fan & Su, 2008;Loades et al, 2010;Mickovski et al, 2009) and in situ shear tests (e.g., Docker & Hubble, 2008;Zhu et al, 2020). However, a few studies report increases in internal friction angle, for example, Gonzalez-Ollauri and Mickovski (2017) and Isa et al (2017). Researchers have developed various models to estimate the physical reinforcement provided by plant roots, such as the Wu model (Wu et al, 1979), fiber bundle model (FBM; Pollen & Simon, 2005), and root bundle model (RBM; Schwarz et al, 2010).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a few studies report increases in internal friction angle, for example, Gonzalez‐Ollauri and Mickovski (2017) and Isa et al. (2017). Researchers have developed various models to estimate the physical reinforcement provided by plant roots, such as the Wu model (Wu et al., 1979), fiber bundle model (FBM; Pollen & Simon, 2005), and root bundle model (RBM; Schwarz et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How revegetation reinforces soil at early stage of restoration: A 6‐year field study in southwest China

Zhu,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background and aimsRestoring vegetation on hillslopes has been found to increase soil strength, thereby reducing the risk of soil erosion and shallow landslides. However, limited information is available on the temporal changes in root biomechanical traits and increased soil shear strength related to vegetation growth following restoration with different species.MethodsIn 2012, Symplocos setchuensis, Buxus megistophylla, and Cynodon dactylon were replanted in a forest gap in Jinyun Mountain, Beibei District, China, and studied over a 6‐year period. We measured root traits (root tensile strength, Young's modulus, cellulose content, and root density) and soil traits (cohesion and internal friction angle) at two soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) for undisturbed and reconstituted samples.ResultsS. setchuensis was found to have the highest tensile strength and resistance to failure for root diameters <2 mm. With elapsed time, tensile strength and cellulose content decreased. Cohesion and root mechanical reinforcement of topsoil generally increased with time (+10% per year). Root chemical and mechanical effects contributed approximately 50% to soil reinforcement. C. dactylon had the fastest growth rate and reinforced the topsoil soil rapidly, whereas S. setchuensis exhibited a consistent increase in soil reinforcement during the study period and provided more deep roots that could reinforce subsoil.ConclusionChemical and mechanical effects almost equally contributed to soil reinforcement. Although the relative contributions varied for different species, the variation in each contribution sheds new light on the sustainable use of vegetation for mitigating shallow landslides in mountainous areas.

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Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How revegetation reinforces soil at early stage of restoration: A 6‐year field study in southwest China

Zhu,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Luxurious hilltop developments are quite rampant in Malaysia for its exclusivity and buyers are enticed with a never-ending list of amenities and facilities in addition to promoting it as having close proximity to various highways. These highways are constructed from rugged hills and mountain terrains by cutting through slopes which are prone to erosion as the soil is washed away as a result of uncovered surface ( Isa, Shamshuddin & Khairuddin, 2017 ). While soil erosion is a precursor to slope failure, the latter is a serious geo-hazard which is more pronounced in Malaysia for the country experiences torrential rain in addition to having a wet and humid climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present practices and emerging opportunities in bioengineering for slope stabilization in Malaysia: An overview

Dorairaj

Osman

2021

PeerJ

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Population increase and the demand for infrastructure development such as construction of highways and road widening are intangible, leading up to mass land clearing. As flat terrains become scarce, infrastructure expansions have moved on to hilly terrains, cutting through slopes and forests. Unvegetated or bare slopes are prone to erosion due to the lack of or insufficient surface cover. The combination of exposed slope, uncontrolled slope management practices, poor slope planning and high rainfall as in Malaysia could steer towards slope failures which then results in landslides under acute situation. Moreover, due to the tropical weather, the soils undergo intense chemical weathering and leaching that elevates soil erosion and surface runoff. Mitigation measures are vital to address slope failures as they lead to economic loss and loss of lives. Since there is minimal or limited information and investigations on slope stabilization methods in Malaysia, this review deciphers into the current slope management practices such as geotextiles, brush layering, live poles, rock buttress and concrete structures. However, these methods have their drawbacks. Thus, as a way forward, we highlight the potential application of soil bioengineering methods especially on the use of whole plants. Here, we discuss the general attributions of a plant in slope stabilization including its mechanical, hydrological and hydraulic effects. Subsequently, we focus on species selection, and engineering properties of vegetation especially rooting structures and architecture. Finally, the review will dissect and assess the ecological principles for vegetation establishment with an emphasis on adopting the mix-culture approach as a slope failure mitigation measure. Nevertheless, the use of soil bioengineering is limited to low to moderate risk slopes only, while in high-risk slopes, the use of traditional engineering measure is deemed more appropriate and remain to be the solution for slope stabilization.

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“…The highly significant correlation was identified in all the treatments (R 2 = 0.9615). Effects of the treatments with high organic matter; FP, ALP and DP sludge was able to improve the soil physical properties and increased soil water holding capacity which highly benefited for roots plant uptake (Isa et al, 2017). In addition, roots absorbed water and enabled the plant to maintain its turgidity.…”

Section: Roots Shear Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear strength and root length density analyses of Entisols treated with palm oil mill effluent sludge

Khairuddin¹,

Isa²,

Zakaria³

et al. 2017

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The underutilized and improper management of wastewater such as palm oil mill effluent sludge (POME) sludge might create pollution and give a negative impact towards the environment. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of shear strength parameter and root length density of maize on Entisols applied with POME sludge as a soil amendment. The maize was planted on Rasau soil series (Entisols) amended with different POME sludge treatment systems from various ponds (mixing, anaerobic, facultative, algae, and dumping). Standard direct shear box test was used to identify the cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (ϕ) after application of treatments. The bulk density, porosity, moisture content, organic matter, root length and root density of Zea mays L. (Hibrimas) applied with POME sludge from dumping pond (DP), aglae pond (ALP) and facultative pond (FP) were significantly difference against the control treatment. The positive effect of root length and root length density (RLD) treated with POME sludge from the dumping pond was 26% and 38% compared to the other treatments. The results highlighted that roots enhanced soil shear strength by reducing the cohesion and increased the angle of internal friction component.The shear strength analysis showed that high shear strength of normal stress at 500.72 kN/m 2 was measured from the dumping pond's POME sludge treatment after maize harvesting. The POME sludge from the DP, ALP and FP was ameliorating some nutrients deficiencies for the plant growth and improved the root length density. In conclusion, the POME sludge from the DP indicated the high shear strength and root length densitie due to the adequate nutrients for roots distribution and maize growth.Keywords: Shear strength, root length density, Entisols, POME sludge IntroductionMaintaining and replenishing organic matter into the soil is important to sustain the productivity of the soil in the tropical climate. Generally, Malaysia had produced about half of organic waste from oil palm industry, which has not been fully utilized. According to Embrandiri et al., (2013) palm oil mill effluent (POME), palm kernel cake, decanter cake, empty fruit bunch and palm kernel shell were potential to be processed and used as an organic matter amendment for land application. Recently, some studies were using decanter cake with lady's finger (Embrandiri et al., 2013), tannery sludge with capsicum plants (Silva et al., 2010), cowpea and olive mill waste with lettuce and chicory (Kelepesi and Tzortzakis, 2009) as their organic matter materials for soil amendment. Unfortunately, only a few studies were focused on POME sludge as a soil amendment for the plant growth. According to Khairuddin et al., (2016), the treated POME sludge was identified equally balance with C, N, and macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na). Mostly, these elements were vital for soil improvement and productivity of the crops. Moreover, heavy metal content in POME sludge was in accordance with the standard from WHO/FAO that is safe for human consu...

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Effects of Mix Vegetation and Root Shear Strength Grown on Carbonaceous Shale

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

How revegetation reinforces soil at early stage of restoration: A 6‐year field study in southwest China

How revegetation reinforces soil at early stage of restoration: A 6‐year field study in southwest China

Present practices and emerging opportunities in bioengineering for slope stabilization in Malaysia: An overview

Shear strength and root length density analyses of Entisols treated with palm oil mill effluent sludge

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