The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
ResumoO presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Rizophoraceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem por base a análise morfológica de materiais depositados em herbários e coletas de campo, além da compilação de dados de literatura. Foi registrada uma espécie: Rhizophora mangle. Descrições, dados sobre hábitat, fenologia e distribuição geográfica das espécies são apresentados. Palavras-chave: Rhizophora, florística, mangue-vermelho, taxonomia. AbstractThis study focuses on the Rizophoraceae found in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on a morphological analysis of herbaria collections, as well as on a review of the relevant literature and on collections in the field. A total of one species were recorded for the state: Rhizophora mangle. Descriptions, habitat data, phenology, and species distribution are also provided.
ResumoO presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Haloragaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem por base a análise morfológica de materiais depositados em herbários e coletas de campo, além da compilação de dados de literatura. Foram registrados dois gêneros e duas espécies: Laurembergia tetrandra e Myriophyllum aquaticum. Chave para identificação, descrições, ilustrações, dados sobre hábitat, fenologia e distribuição geográfica das espécies são apresentados. Palavras-chave: Haloragaceae, florística, Rio de Janeiro, taxonomia. AbstractThis study focuses on the Haloragaceae found in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on a morphological analysis of herbaria collections, as well as on a review of the relevant literature and on collections in the field. A total of two genera and two species were recorded for the state: Laurembergia tetrandra e Myriophyllum aquaticum. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations, habitat data, phenology, and species distribution are also provided.
ResumoO presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Hydroleaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem por base a análise morfológica de materiais depositados em herbários e coletas de campo, além de dados de literatura. Foi registrada a ocorrência de um gênero e duas espécies: Hydrolea elatior e H. spinosa. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e dados sobre habitat, fenologia e distribuição geográfica das espécies. Palavras-chave: florística, Hydrolea, plantas aquáticas, taxonomia. AbstractThis study focuses on the Hydroleaceae species from the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on morphological analysis of herbaria specimens, as well as on a review of the relevant literature and field collections. One genus and two species were recorded: Hydrolea elatior and H. spinosa. Identification key, descriptions, illustrations, habitat data, phenology, and species distribution are also provided.
Abstract— The Habenaria repens complex comprises ca. 14 species distributed from the southern United States to northern Argentina. In Brazil, several morphotypes with similar ecological preferences to H. repens s. s. occur, which have made identification at the specific level challenging. In an associated article using molecular phylogenetic, morphometry, and population genetic analyses, we showed that the H. repens complex is polyphyletic and subdivided into three main distantly related clades. Four of the studied morphotypes are phylogenetically distant from H. repens s. s. and morphologically distinct from all other taxa in the complex. They are described here as H. bryophila, H. hygrophila, H. subrepens, and H. compluviosa. Similarly to H. repens s. s., these newly proposed species show preferences for aquatic environments, but differ in habitat specificity, phenology, and morphology. The new taxa are restricted to upland, wet grasslands associated with campos rupestres occurring in the Espinhaço Range in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, or other mountainous areas of Minas Gerais and Goiás. We provide a diagnosis with detailed morphological characterization for each species, including etymology, distribution, informal conservation assessments, data on habitat and phenology, notes, images, and diagnostic characters to separate them from each other and H. repens s. s.
ResumoO presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies de Juncaginaceae ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem por base a análise morfológica de materiais depositados em herbários e trabalho de campo, além da compilação de dados de literatura. Foi registrado um gênero com uma espécie: Triglochin striata. Descrições, ilustrações, dados sobre hábitat, fenologia e distribuição geográfica são apresentados. Palavras-chave: florística, plantas paludosas, taxonomia, Triglochin. AbstractThis study focuses on the Juncaginaceae found in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is based on a morphological analysis of herbaria collections, as well as on a review of the relevant literature and field work. A total of one species were recorded for the state: Triglochin striata. Descriptions, illustrations, habitat data, phenology, and species distribution are also provided. Ervas perenes ou anuais, frequentemente aquáticas, glabras. Rizoma presente ou não, curto, subterrâneo, ereto, geralmente cilíndrico e estolonífero. Folhas alternas dísticas ou espiraladas, simples, basais e sésseis; lígula frequentemente presente no ápice da bainha. Inflorescência em espiga ou racemo. Flores uni ou bissexuais, actinomorfas ou raramente zigomorfas, prefloração valvar; tépalas (0-)1-6 em 1-2 verticilos, livres, inconspícuas; estames 0-6, livres, férteis ou abortivos; anteras sésseis ou subsésseis, adnatas à base das tépalas, rimosas e basifixas. Ovário súpero, 1-2-4 locular, 1-6 carpelar, geralmente uniovulado; carpelos livres ou conados; placentação basal; estiletes curtos, longos, filiformes ou ausentes; estigmas papilosos ou fimbriados. Fruto folículo, aquênio ou núcula, semente linear ou ovoide.Família representada por quatro gêneros e ca. 15 espécies de distribuição subcosmopolita (Haynes et al. 1998;Pansarin & Amaral 2003).No Brasil ocorrem dois gêneros e duas espécies, distribuindo-se pelo Sul e Sudeste. No Rio de Janeiro está representada por uma espécie (BFG 2015).
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