a b s t r a c tEvening primrose (Oenothera biennis L., Onagraceae) seeds oil has great economic importance due to its wide industrial application, mainly for medicines and nutraceutics. However, to our knowledge, it remains almost unexplored regarding development of innovative formulations, such as nanoemulsions. On the present study, required Hydroprophile-Lipophile Balance of evening primrose seeds oil was determined (HLB 12) and a stable nanoemulsion (Day 1: mean droplet size: 214.3 ± 0.69 nm, polydispersity index: 0.253 ± 0.012. Day 7: mean droplet size: 202.8 ± 0.23 nm, polydispersity index: 0.231 ± 0.008) was achieved. Moreover, pseudo-ternary diagram allowed delimitation of nanoemulsion region, contributing to nanobiotechnology of natural products.
The importance of atmospheric lead in environmental global contamination is receiving increasing scientific attention. The main exposure monitoring approach is biological, but the environmental one has a key role, since the environment is the major source of exposure. The study aimed to identify the contamination sources and potential risk factors of the exposure in a 64 subject group formed by 0-16 years-old children from an economically deprived community in Rio de Janeiro. Lead concentrations in soil, water, dust and air were determined and neurological and carcinogenic risk factors for ingestion and inhalation were calculated. Blood samples were collected and used in the analysis of Pb-B, ALA-D% and ALA-D genotyping. The observed neurological risk factor was 549 times higher than reference dose for dust and 554 times higher in the case of ingestion. The carcinogenic risk factor for ingestion was about 4 times. Mean Pb-B was 5.6 microg/dL and 40% of the children presented Pb-B levels above the 6 microg/dL cutoff value. Mean ALA-D% was 40.3% and a correlation between Pb-B and ALA-D% was observed. ALAD1-2 genotype was identified in 10% of the children. The results will allow the understanding of our reality, supporting public health and environment organizations to carry out control actions and all-encompassing environmental surveillance.
This work presents a case study carried through in a research center, education, assistance, and technological development in the areas of the health of the woman, child, and adolescent, situated in Rio de Janeiro, where pathologies of average and high complexity are taken care of. It intended detect environmental problems that could affect the health of workers of the institution, in order to support the elaboration of the action plan to mitigate urgent questions and to develop an architectonical project for a new center. The environments and processes of work had been evaluated, through a participative approach, being visited all the sectors of the center, carried through interviews half-structuralized with workers of all the sectors and promoted debates that had pointed the noise as one of the main factors of bother and stress. The observation in loco and analyze of the project allowed to detect that the architectural design and the disrespect of basic acoustics recommendations had contributed for this picture. Measurements carried through in some pointed areas as uncomfortable indicated to have exposition to sound pressure level above 75 dB(A). However, the resolution of the many of identified acoustic problems will have to wait the construction of the new headquarters.
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