Introdução: O vegetarianismo, com cada vez mais adeptos, requer cuidados nutricionais, como planejamento e acompanhamento adequados. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e discutir se sujeitos que seguem a dieta vegetariana a fazem de maneira correta, englobando uma dieta completa em nutrientes, e se são acompanhados por profissional capacitado. Metodologia: Realizado um estudo transversal através da coleta de dados de 116 alunos dos cursos de medicina, farmácia, biomedicina e odontologia de uma Universidade particular do sul de Minas Gerais. Resultados: Mediante a Classificação Vegetariana, 86,2% dos sujeitos da pesquisa não são vegetarianos, 11,2% são ovolactovegetarianos e o restante se divide entre vegetariano restrito, ovo vegetariano e vegano. Os principais benefícios, citados pelos investigados, sobre a dieta vegetariana foram a baixa ingestão de gorduras saturadas e colesterol, alta ingestão de fibras dietéticas e de carboidratos complexos e a presença de antioxidantes. Os participantes também citaram deficiências nutricionais como vitamina B12, ferro, cálcio e zinco. Conclusão: A maior parte dos adeptos da dieta não fazem acompanhamento com nutricionistas e não são conhecedores dos alimentos a serem adicionados à dieta para não apresentarem deficiências.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APSS) are associations of two or more endocrine diseases of autoimmune origin that affect between 5-10% of the population. The grouping of these diseases depends on genetic and environmental factors, their different presentations allow the distinction of the subtypes of APS. The objective is to report the case of a patient with type III A polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, characterized by Hashimoto's thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with hyperprolactinemia and Gilbert's syndrome. The patient began to show the symptoms of the syndrome at the age of 10 progressively. The treatment of each disease is being carried out, with no specific treatment for the syndrome in the literature.
A patient with prostate cancer may initially be asymptomatic, compromising early diagnosis and treatment. A 42-year-old male patient on a routine examination had a PSA of 4.18 ng / ml. Prostate biopsy revealed usual Gleason 7 stage T2a acinar adenocarcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nodule in the prostate. Bone scintigraphy showed osteoblastic lesion of the left femur, considered a possibility of a secondary lesion to adenocarcinoma, but his biopsy showed tissue without significant histological changes, ruling out malignancy. The patient was submitted to a radical prostatectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy, evolving without complications. Follow-up tests showed reactive Protein C negative, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and total testosterone without changes, total PSA 0.011; Free PSA less than 0.01. The total PSA 0.3 indicated a possible recurrence after 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no suspicious lesions, PET / CT was performed, which showed molecular hyperexpression of specific membrane antigen for the prostate, confirming local recurrence. Therefore, he was submitted to 36 radiotherapy sessions in the prostate bed from July to August. In October, the total PSA was performed, which decreased sharply. The early stage of prostate cancer may show only benign prostate growth, while the advanced stage may reveal bone pain. Bone tissue often develops a metastatic lesion, resulting in a worse prognosis. In this patient, a link between prostate carcinoma and bone lesion was ruled out by biopsy, which demonstrated the absence of spread of the disease.
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of intermittent fasting, low carb and hypocaloric diets on weight control, lean and lipid mass and lipid and glycemic profiles in obese volunteers. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial in which the sample consisted of a 30 individuals group, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 40 years with Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 kg/m² and with similar organic conditions in which they were divided into 3 groups and submitted to the above mentioned diets for 30 days. Results: The results revealed by anthropometry, bioimpedance and laboratory tests show that when the values in the groups are compared separately, we have significant variables. Conclusion: Thus, the hypocaloric diet showed better results, mainly in weight and BMI (body mass index), which helps to control possible patient comorbidities. And in relation to laboratory tests, the Low carb diet and intermittent fasting had good results with reduced levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) occurs when the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian sequence is suppressed due to an energy deficit usually caused by stress, weight loss, excessive exercise and disordered eating, leading to hypogonadism. The diagnosis is of exclusion, and a clinical examination with complementary blood and imaging tests must be performed. Treatment aims to correct the causes, guide adequate nutrition and physical activity. The combined estrogen can be used to restore menstrual cycles and preserve bone mass. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient with primary amenorrhea and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, with a history of stress linked to low self-esteem, intense ballet activity during puberty and rigidity in eating. Physical examination showed complete pubertal development and low body mass index (16.9 kg/m2). Decreased serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and normal levels of prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Bone densitometry showed osteoporosis of the femur and lumbar spine. After weight restoration, physical activity monitored by a professional, and prescription and combined oral hormone therapy, the patient started menstrual cycles.
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