Objetivo: Identificar os principais impactos da desinformação, considerando as formas pelas quais os indivíduos podem ser direta ou indiretamente afetados, tendo em vista os diferentes graus de difusão das notícias falsas e os seus desdobramentos nos cenários reais e virtuais. Método: Revisão Integrativa de Literatura desenvolvida em seis etapas: elaboração do tema da pesquisa; estabelecimento de critérios de inclusão e exclusão; definições ou coleta de dados acerca da busca da literatura; avaliação dos estudos; análise e interpretação dos estudos obtidos; e apresentação dos resultados. MEDLINE, LILACS e PubMed foram as bases de dados utilizadas. Resultados: A partir da análise dos dados de 35 artigos, obtiveram-se quatro temáticas: informação veiculada sobre a COVID-19 nos meios digitais; infodemia e os seus desdobramentos; papel dos profissionais de saúde no combate à desinformação; e o (des)controle das fake news. Conclusões: Esta revisão de literatura reúne estudos de autores de diferentes nacionalidades que demonstram a fragilidade do ambiente virtual em relação à divulgação de informações. A propagação ascendente das fake news está provocando importantes interferências na educação em saúde, a qual é considerada um potente instrumento de ação para o controle adequado da pandemia.
The ongoing chronic use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine (HCQ/CQ) in rheumatic patients might impact their outcomes after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we sought to assess the mortality in rheumatic patients with chronic HCQ/CQ use who developed a COVID-19 infection through a comparison between individuals chronically using HCQ/CQ with those not taking these drugs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central. We included full-length reports, prospective observational cohorts, and clinical trials of adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) who were diagnosed with a COVID-19 infection. Case studies, case series, letters, comments, and editorials were excluded. The main outcome was all-cause mortality. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022341678). We identified 541 studies, of which 20 studies were included, comprising 236,997 patients. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients with prior chronic use of HCQ/CQ compared to those with no previous usage (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.62–0.94; p = 0.01). There was a considerably lower incidence of hospitalization among patients with chronic HCQ/CQ use compared to their counterparts without HCQ/CQ usage (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65–0.99; p = 0.04). All-cause mortality and hospitalization were significantly lower in rheumatic patients with chronic HCQ/CQ use who developed a COVID-19 infection.
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