Previous research reports a significant prevalence of child depression worldwide and self-concept as a predictor of depression and suicide behavior. Although suicide in children is an increasing problem in Mexico, there are scarce studies reporting risk factors and none of children in foster care institutions. This was a comparative, ex post facto study whose aim was to analyze associations between suicidal ideation, depression, and self-concept in two paired samples of Mexican children (83 institutionalized and 83 noninstitutionalized). Results show 16% of the children reported suicidal ideation and statistically significant differences among variables in both samples. Suggestions are made to address this problem from early ages.
La ideación suicida es un predictor del suicidio en jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las estructuras cognoscitivas, afectivas y comportamentales particulares de la ideación suicida y su relación con la dinámica familiar. Con un diseño correlacional, participaron 743 estudiantes de tres bachilleratos de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Se utilizó la Escala de Evaluación de Potencialidad Suicida (Valadez-Figueroa & Amezcua), específicamente se midieron las estructuras cognoscitivas, afectivas y comportamentales (a = 0.88) y situaciones problemáticas familiares (α = 0.71). Los participantes escribieron sus experiencias vividas dentro de su familia, particularizando en las cinco dimensiones exploradas de la dinámica familiar y se realizó el análisis de contenido de dichos testimonios, a través de la técnica de Inter jueces. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas en la dimensión inadecuada comunicación familiar con los elementos implicados en la ideación suicida pienso acabar con mi vida (OR = 5.76; IC 2.8-13.7), tengo deseos de quitarme la vida, (OR = 4.23; IC 2.11-8.7) he amenazado con quitarme la vida (OR = 6.43; IC 2.15-21.13), y siento que mi familia estaría mejor si yo estuviera muerto (OR = 6.25; IC 3.2-12.3); y esta última además con la dimensión agresión y manejo de conflictos (OR = 4.88; IC 2.9-8.0). Los testimonios permitieron configurar un contexto sobre las circunstancias que pueden dar lugar a la presencia, u ocurrencia, de pensamientos, deseos y estados de ánimo. Los resultados aportan elementos para la comprensión del impacto de los factores estudiados en el riesgo y comportamiento suicida.
ResumenEl propósito del estudio fue identificar el uso del tiempo libre y su relación con la tentativa suicida en una muestra mexicana adolescente. Participaron 1290 estudiantes de nivel secundaria, entre 12 a 18 años (36 % varones, 64 % mujeres); el instrumento incluyó reactivos cerrados y formato libre. De las 11 categorías del tiempo libre obtenidas, la de relaciones fuera del ámbito familiar obtuvo el mayor puntaje (96 %) y el menor las actividades escolares (1,8 %). Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas de riesgo suicida en las actividades pasivas, del hogar, relaciones familiares y cuidar el propio cuerpo; se encontraron actividades con efecto protector las relaciones sociales fuera del ámbito familiar y recreativas (artísticas, deportivas). Se presentan reflexiones sobre la producción y utilización creativa del tiempo libre en jóvenes y familias contemporáneas. . Realizado de julio 2015 a mayo del 2016.Tentativa suicida y uso del tiempo libre en adolescentes mexicanos 6 AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify leisure time and its association to suicide attempts in a sample of 1290 Mexican adolescents aged 12-18 (36 % male, 64 % female). The instrument included both, closed and open items. Out of 11 leisure categories, relationships outside their families were the most prevalent at 96 % while school-related activities were the least prevalent (at 1.8 %). Statistically significant differences were found for suicidal behavior and passive activities, home activities, family relationships, and body selfcare. Recreation activities such as sports and arts, and relationships outside their families were found to be protective factors. Concluding considerations about the creative use of leisure for contemporary adolescents and families are included. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a relação entre o uso do tempo livre e a tentativa de suicídio em uma amostra de adolescentes mexicanos. Participaram 1290 estudantes de ensino médio, entre 12 e 18 anos (36 % homens, 64 % mulheres). O instrumento de avaliação incluiu perguntas fechadas e abertas. Das 11 categorias estabelecidas para tempo livre, a que obteve maior pontuação (96 %) foi a de relações fora do âmbito familiar e a de menor pontuação (1.8 %) foi de atividades escolares. Foram encontradas associações estatísticas significativas entre o risco de suicídio e atividades passivas, tais como, atividades de casa, relações familiares e cuidados com o corpo próprio; atividades protetoras foram encontradas em relações sociais fora do âmbito familiar e de recreação (artísticas e esportivas). Apresenta-se reflexões sobre a produção e utilização criativa do tempo livre em jovens e famílias contemporâneas. Palavras-chave: Tentativas suicidas; risco suicida; tempo livre; adolescentes; México.
Modifying knowledge and attitudes through persuasive communication in health via radio has produced encouraging results for public health planners. This study's objective was to measure the effect of an educational strategy on knowledge and attitudes towards nutrition in two marginalized communities in Guadalajara, Mexico. Two communities were randomly selected. In each community a group of individuals was invited to be exposed to radio broadcasts. Using a coded and structured instrument, knowledge and attitudes towards the contents of nutritional education for health were measured before and after the intervention in both groups. Group A (n = 37) was organized and exposed to the dynamics of the radio forum throughout the 4 months during which the project lasted. Group B (n = 33) was not organized, and listened to the radio program according to its own cultural dynamics. Median knowledge and attitudes (KA) for group A was 56.8 in the pre-test and 74.1 in the post-test (W: p = -0.05). In group B the KA results were 53.0 and 59.2, respectively (W: p = -0.05). The results emphasize the advantages of the radio forum as a health communications strategy for human nutrition.
This study describes a popular educational process conducted in two communities in Jalisco, Mexico. The purpose was to add an alfalfa concentrate to the population's diet as an alternative, locally available food source. Previous studies had shown that alfalfa contains high protein, vitamin, and essential amino acid levels and can be useful to supplement and improve child nutrition. This resource had not been used previously due to lack of knowledge concerning its properties and harvesting and processing procedures and because it had traditionally been used as livestock feed. The current study included four steps: 1) community knowledge, 2) a community survey using interviews, home visits, and child nutrition evaluation, 3) formation of work groups in a community meeting, and 4) an educational program, working with a self-diagnostic tool taking child nutritional status into account. Our work focused on two areas simultaneously: family nutrition and the alfalfa concentrate as a way to improve it. Although this process was lengthy, it resulted in the acceptance and inclusion of alfalfa concentrate. In addition, the community groups formed in the process remain as an ongoing organizational resource.
Undoubtedly, women's educational background plays a major role. This obliges the health services to strengthen their educational programmes by adjusting them to women's culture.
El presente artículo explora las formas de relacionarse entre pares, en el contexto de una secundaria de la Ciudad de México, a través de conductas agresivas. Se realizó la técnica de condensación de significados a las transcripciones de cuatro grupos focales con diez estudiantes cada uno, de 2º y 3º de secundaria. A partir de este estudio, se pueden observar cómo para algunos participantes las relaciones fraternas se establecen desde conductas agresivas. De esta forma, se dificulta la identificación de intencionalidad e intimidación por parte de los estudiantes que generan agresiones, elementos imprescindibles para la identificación del fenómeno del bullying. Se evidencia la complejidad de las relaciones entre pares partiendo de sus conductas agresivas, así como de la normalización de la violencia.
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