In this article, we focus on the theoretical orientations of Spanish psychotherapists with reference to the concepts of integration and eclecticism associated respectively with the cultural patterns of modernity and postmodernity. Data are reported from 179 Spanish therapists who responded to the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire (Orlinsky et al., 1999). The results indicated that these Spanish therapists do not show a tendency toward postmodern eclecticism, suggesting that present clinical practice in Spain still needs high-profile theoretical constructs.

Psychotherapy integration is a key trend in psychotherapy nowadays. This paper offers a critical perspective on a main obstacle and challenge for psychotherapy integration. Psychotherapy integration should be treated more as a process than as a product. For psychotherapy integration to contribute to the future of psychotherapy, it should not forget its original Exploratory spirit, avoiding and being cautious about Established approaches, and being, therefore, more a process than a product. This assumption should be related first with the core spirit of psychotherapy integration, an ongoing process of respect for different psychotherapeutic models, and an attitude of work in progress. It should, secondly, be related with the stance or perspective that ought to be taken toward the ongoing appearance of new integrative models. ResumenLa tendencia actual a la integración en psicoterapia es importante. Este trabajo plantea una perspectiva crítica sobre un obstáculo y desafío principal para dicha tendencia. La integración en psicoterapia debe tratarse más como un proceso que como un producto. Para que la integración en psicoterapia contribuya al futuro de la psicoterapia no debería olvidar su espíritu inicial de Exploración, evitando y tomando precauciones frente a los enfoques Establecidos, convirtiéndose, por tanto, más en un proceso que en un producto. Este supuesto se puede relacionar, en primer lugar, con el espíritu central de la integración en psicoterapia, es decir, con un proceso continuo de respeto de los distintos enfoques psicoterapéuticos, y una actitud de trabajo en progreso. En segundo lugar, se puede relacionar con la perspectiva que se debe asumir en relación a la aparición continua de nuevos modelos integradores. Palabras clave: integración en psicoterapia; modelos integradores; orientación única; psicoterapia

The clinical procedure presented here could be considered a type of cognitive psychotherapy which has the main aim of producing an evaluational change through linguistic means. The linguistic therapy of evaluation is based upon the theory of general semantics and is based on a theory which connects emotional problems, such as anxiety and depression, with language use. These elements are described along with some other important issues, such as how language is understood from the general semantics perspective, the four main therapeutic elements of the therapy, the structure of the clinical procedure and two of its two main techniques: the orders of abstraction and the extensional devices. The paper will conclude by introducing some of the main differences and similarities between the linguistic therapy of evaluation and two of the main cognitive perspectives, those termed rationalist and those termed constructivist.

Resumen: En este trabajo se busca describir el proceso de asimilación a través de narraciones de una participante, Mónica, que tenía problemas de tipo oncológico y el beneficio de emplear narraciones para dicha asimilación. Mónica escribió 31 narraciones, durante 8 meses, sobre su experiencia con diversos fibroadenomas y tumores benignos. Estas narraciones se analizaron mediante el modelo de asimilación y la Escala de Asimilación de Experiencias Problemáticas o APES. El procedimiento de preparar los datos para el análisis con la APES dio como resultado 373 párrafos que fueron codificados con la APES y en relación a ocho temas distintivos y sus correspondientes voces dominantes y no dominantes, relacionados con sus experiencias problemáticas. Los resultados muestran que Mónica alcanzó niveles elevados de asimilación en siete de sus ocho experiencias problemáticas. A pesar de esta asimilación, los datos muestran notables retrocesos, es decir, saltos entre distintos niveles APES. Palabras clave: Modelo de asimilación; APES; narraciones; investigación de procesos. Title:The assimilation of problematic experiences through narratives: A case study. Abstract: In this study we aim to describe the assimilation process through our participant narratives, Mónica, who had oncological problems and to explore the advantages of the use of narratives for assimilating these experiences. Mónica wrote 31 narratives during 8 months about her experiences of having fibroadenomas and benign tumors. These narratives were analized by the assimilation model and the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale or APES. The procedure to obtain the data ended with a sample of 373 passages that were analized with APES. Those passages were related to eight different topics and their corresponding dominant and non-dominant voices, from their problematic experiences. Results showed that Mónica reached high levels of assimilation in seven of her eight problematic experiences. Despite this assimilation, data showed remarkable setbacks, in other words, a return from a higher to a lower stage of the APES. Key words: Assimilation model; APES; narratives; process research. IntroducciónEl presente trabajo se centra en el modelo de asimilación, aunque estudiado con un foco diferente a las investigaciones realizadas hasta la fecha. El modelo de asimilación es de tipo procesual y permite explorar y describir el cambio terapéuti-co, entendido éste como asimilación de experiencias problemáticas. El modelo desarrollado por el grupo de Stiles (Stiles et al., 1990(Stiles et al., , 1991 se ha aplicado a una amplia variedad de muestras y tipo de pacientes (Stiles, 2002), e incluso se ha utilizado para estudiar el proceso de aculturación mediante entrevistas (Henry, Stiles & Biran, 2005). Con el modelo se ha podido explicar el cambio terapéutico en diversos enfoques, como humanistas y experienciales (Honos-Webb, Surko, Stiles & Greenberg, 1999), psicodinámicos (Knobloch, Endres, Stiles & Silberschatz, 2001), cognitivos (Caro Gabalda, 2006a, b, 2007, y cognitivo...

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This paper comments on Ramsey’s paper, Postmodern cognitive therapy: Cognitions, narratives, and personal meaning-making, which discusses the possibility of an integration between narrative and more traditional cognitive models. Although an integration is possible, I consider it to be a difficult task given the large theoretical, epistemological and ontological differences between the two ways of understanding not only therapy, but human beings as meaning-making subjects. Therefore, in reviewing this paper I discuss this difficulty and what I consider to be a more useful path to follow.

Translating a verbal coding system from one language to another can yield unexpected insights into the process of communication in different cultures. This paper describes the problems and understandings we encountered as we translated a verbal response modes (VRM) taxonomy from English into Spanish. Standard translations of text (e.g., psychotherapeutic dialogue) systematically change the form of certain expressions, so supposedly equivalent expressions had different VRM codings in the two languages. Prominent examples of English forms whose translation had different codes in Spanish included tags, question forms, and "let's" expressions. Insofar as participants use such forms to convey nuances of their relationship, standard translations of counseling or psychotherapy sessions or other conversations may systematically misrepresent the relationship between the participants. The differences revealed in translating the VRM system point to subtle but important differences in the degrees of verbal directiveness and inclusion in English versus Spanish, which converge with other observations of differences in individualism and collectivism between Anglo and Hispanic cultures.