The analysis of the crankshaft bearing condition of the automotive internal combustion engines in the case of insufficiency and breakage of oil supply to them is carried out. It is noted that this fault is one of the most common causes of damage to rubbing pairs in operation. At the same time, the different groups of bearings are often damaged, which cannot be explained within the framework of existing models of plain bearing lubrication. The objective of the work is to develop a mathematical model of oil supply to connecting rod bearings in emergency mode, taking into account the characteristic features of the bearing design. The model also, depending on the nature of the damage, should help to determine and explain the causes of bearing failures if they occur in different modes when operating conditions are broken. A computational model has been developed that makes it possible to assess the effect of design differences in the features of oil supply and the action of the centrifugal forces during crankshaft rotation on the oil column in the lubrication hole where oil is supplied to the conrod bearing. Calculations of the change in time of the oil supply pressure to the connecting rod bearings for the various designs of the crankshaft lubrication holes have been performed. It is shown that, depending on the operating mode of the engine and its design, the oil pressure in front of the connecting rod bearings does not disappear immediately after oil supply failure to crankshaft. Moreover, the lower the crankshaft speed is, the longer the lubrication of the conrod bearings will continue. The calculation results are confirmed by the data of the expert studies of the engine technical condition, in which the crankshaft was wedged in the damaged main bearings was found in the absence of serious damage to the connecting rod ones. It has been found that such features of the damage correspond to an rapid breakage of the oil supply to the crankshaft in the case of such operational damage as the oil pump and pressure reducing valve failure, the oil filter seal and oil pan destruction, etc. The developed model explains the difference in lubrication conditions and in the damage feature to the main and connecting rod bearings in the emergency cases of the oil supply breakage, which are observed during operation, and helps to clarify the failure causes. This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines when the operating conditions are broken.
Problem. The features of the design and operation of piston engines in general aviation are considered. Comparative analysis of design features and parameters of automobile and aircraft engines is carried out. It is shown that car engines, despite the high technical level achieved at the beginning of the 21st century, do not technically meet aviation requirements. At the same time, engines created on the basis of automobiles through their deep modernization meet aviation requirements, however, modernization and adaptation of a standard automobile engine to aviation use in terms of costs compared to the creation of a new engine. Purpose. Carry out research on the failure of automobile engines used in light aviation. Methodology. Rough calculations of the service life of an automobile engine were made based on standard driving tests and a flight plan. According to the results of calculations, it has been established that the resource of a standard automobile engine in aviation is reduced many times due to prolonged operation at high loads and rotational speed that are not characteristic of ordinary automotive applications. Results. Experimental data have been obtained on the actual failure of standard automobile engines in aviation during the operating time, significantly less resource of aircraft engines of well-known brands. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of general aviation automobile engines is economically ineffective due to a short resource and insufficient reliability. Originality. Modern automobile engines, despite their technical perfection, cannot be used in aviation, since they do not correspond to aviation operating conditions. At the same time, adaptation of automobile engines to aviation applications is possible, but requires significant design changes, which makes their single use, as a rule, technically impractical and economically ineffective. Practical value. Due to the fact that saving on an aircraft engine is unacceptable from the point of view of flight safety, the aviation use of automobile engines without special modernization carries excessive risks of failures and their consequences. As a result, serial aircraft engines Lycoming, Continental, Jabiru, ULPower, Rotax, Limbach and others have virtually no alternative in general aviation.
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