ABSTRAKTujuan peneitian ini adalah untuk menganilis komposisi mineral susu, komposisi asam amino protein susu dan produktivitas per 305 hari masa laktasi pada hasil persilangan dibandingkan dengan bangsa murni sapi lokal Ukrania. Penelitian dilakukan pada beberapa induk sapi perah Ukranian BlackSpotted (UBS) dan hasil silangannya pada generasi pertama dengan Brown Swiss, induk-induk Uranian Red-Spotted (URS) dan hasil silangannya pada generasi dengan bangsa Montbeliarde. Pada dua peternakan terdapat masing-masing dua jenis bangsa. Komposisi mineral susu pada sapi hasil silangan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bangsa murni. Kadar lemak susu sapi hasil silangan lebih tinggi 0,08-0,16%, protein lebih tinggi 0,15-0,22% dan kadar Ca dan P masing-masing 2,66-8,83 dan 2,12-7,81 g susu. Protein susu pada induk hasil persilangan ditandai dengan komposisi asam amino yang lebih seimbang (EAA) dan rasio yang cocok untuk pemrosesan. Jumlah EAA pada 100 g protein susu induk hasil persilangan adalah 3,11-6,25% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan induk bangsa murni. Induk hasil persilangan lebih tinggi dalam hal komposisi mineral susu dibandingkan induk bangsa murni. Direkomendasikan penggunaan bangsa Montbeliarde atau Brown Swiss pada peternakan komersial.Kata kunci: sapi perah, asam amino, element mineral, kebutuhan manusia ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyze the mineral composition of milk, the amino acid composition of milk protein, and the productivity per 305 days of lactation in crossbred cows compared to pure-breed local Ukrainian analogues. The research was conducted at cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted (UBS) dairy breed and crossbred cows of the first-generation obtained as a result of crossing with Brown Swiss breed and at cows of the Ukrainian Red-Spotted (URS) dairy breed and crossbred cows of the firstgeneration obtained by crossing of the URS dairy breed with Montbeliarde breed. In both farms there were two groups of pure-breed and crossbred cows-analogues. The mineral composition of milk and its technological properties in crossbred cows were higher compared to the pure-breed analogues. The fat content of milk crossbred cows exceeded by 0.08-0.16%, protein exceeded by 0.15-0.22%, and the main trace elements include Ca and P -by 2.66-8.83 and 2.12-7.81 mg/100 g of milk, respectively. Milk protein of crossbred cows was marked by a more balanced composition of essential amino acids (EAAs) and their ratio suitable for processing. The amount of EAAs in 100 g of milk protein of crossbred cows was 3.11-6.25% higher compared to local analogues. Crossbred cows dominated pure-breed analogues by the mineral composition of milk. The authors recommend the use of Montbeliarde or Brown Swiss 238 J.Indonesian Trop.Anim.Agric. 43(3):238-246, September 2018 breeds in commercial herds to improve the technological properties of milk.
Studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of using easy-assembled cow houses in modern milk production technologies for the use of high-productive milking plants of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ with 32 machines each. It has been established that new types of premises not only provide comfortable conditions for the maintenance of highly productive cows, but also reduce the labor costs for their maintenance and, most importantly, allow the use of modern high-productive milking installations of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’. It has been established that the technology of preparation of cows for milking and milking technology provides more complete display of the milk ejection reflex at the installation of the ‘Parallel’ type. The average intensity of cows’ milk flows at this plant is 30% higher compared to those of the installation of ‘Carousel’ type, which is confirmed by the intensity of milk flow production at the first minute of milking, which is at the level of 2.97 against 1.85 kg min.-1 per installation of ‘Carousel’ type. Milk obtained using a milking installation of the ‘Parallel’ type has higher values of the mass fraction of fat and protein that is associated with the genetic potential of animals. According to physical, chemical and technological properties, milk obtained from milking installations such as ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ is within the limits of the standards in force. Milk obtained from the use of milking equipment such as ‘Carousel’ has higher electrical conductivity at the level of 4.6 mS cm-3, which is confirmed by a higher level of mastitis disease of cows. Due to bacterial contamination, reductase test and milk clot characteristic, milk obtained using a milk installation of ‘Parallel’ type also has higher quality indicators than the installation of ‘Carousel’ type. But according to the complex of indicators, milk obtained from various technologies of milking refers to the desired cheese-making class.
The productivity of young pigs grown for meat and slaughter quality of their products was estimated at use of feed with different levels and sources of selenium. Pigs of large white breed were used for scientific experiment that was carried out by method of groups (pairs-analogues). The level of inorganic and organic selenium in the diets of experimental groups was regulated by the introduction of feed of sodium selenite and Sel-Plex. Part of selenium in mixed fodder of poultry control group was 0.07 mg/kg of dry matter and in the fodder of pigs of 2-th, 3-th, 4-th and 5-th research groups that were 0.2; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg of dry matter respectively. The animals of second group were administered in feed sodium selenite and 3, 4 and 5 th -Sel-Plex. The feeding was done by group and feed was distributed twice -in morning and evening. It was proved introducing selenium in feed young pigs was improved the quality and biological value of meat. The inclusion of organic selenium at 0.3-0.4 mg/kg dry matter was contributed to increasing concentrations of selenium in meat by 36.8 and 48.0 %, copper -by 25.6 and 26.8, zinc -20.8 and 21.3 % and was reduced the concentration of cadmium in 29.7-35.1 % mercury -in 18.8-19.2 % in meat. It was determined to trend to increasing of lead content in products slaughter of animals experimental groups. The use of sodium selenite compared to the organic compound is less positive impact on meat quality of pigs. Key words: selenium, pigs, meat, chemical composition, minerals, amino acids.Хімічний, мінеральний і амінокислотний склад м'яса свиней за введення селеновмісних добавок у раціон Л.В. Пірова, Л.Т. Косіор, Ю.О. Машкін, І.О. ЛастовськаБілоцерківський національний аграрний університет Email: tehnologkaf@ukr.netПроведено оцінку продуктивності молодняку свиней, яких вирощували на м'ясо, і якість їх продуктів забою, за використання комбікормів з різними рівнями і джерелами селену. Матеріалом для науково-господарського досліду були поросята великої білої породи. Рівень неорганічного і органічного селену у раціонах дослідних груп регулювався за рахунок введення до комбікорму селеніту натрію і сел-плексу методами вагового дозування та багатоступеневого змішування. Кількість селену у комбікормі для свиней контрольної групи становила 0,07 мг/кг сухої речовини (природний вміст), у раціонах свиней 2-ї, 3-ї, 4-ї і 5-ї дослідних груп -відповідно 0,2; 0,2; 0,3 і 0,4 мг/кг сухої речовини. Тваринам 2-ї групи до комбікорму вводили селеніт натрію, а 3, 4 і 5-ї -сел-плекс. Комбікорми згодовували у сухому розсипному вигляді. Годівля молодняку була груповою. Добову кількість комбікорму роздавали дворазово -вранці та ввечері. Встановлено, за уведення селену в комбікорм молодняку свиней спостерігалася тенденція до підвищення якісних показників та біологічної цінності м'яса. Включення органічного селену на рівні 0,3-0,4 мг/кг сухої речовини сприяло підвищенню концентрації у м'ясі селену на 36,8 і 48,0 %, міді -на 25,6 і 26,8, цинку -на 20,8 і 21,3 % і зниженню концентрації кадмію на 29,7-35,1 %, ртуті ...
The article presents the results of investigations of the influence of different types and variants of application of litter material (chopped straw, sawdust, not shredded straw and deep straw bedding) on the comfort of the conditions of keeping and reacting the daily behavior of dairy cows. It is established that the most comfortable for rest among the investigated variants is the maintenance on a deep long-changeable substrate. Under such a maintenance technique, the indicators of the length of rest in the lying position and the number of cows that feed the feed immediately after it was distributed and the milking prevails these indicators obtained by other technologies, since animals are not limited in time and within the recreation areas and have a slightly larger feeding front, which directly influences the processes of milk production. It was revealed that for keeping cows on deep, long-swaddling litter, the smallest number of cases of humidity of resting places, in comparison with other variants of litter. This maintenance technology ensures the uniform application of chopped straw in the range of 6-10 kg per cow throughout the area of the resting place. It was established that by the complex indices, which characterize the comfort of the contents, hygienic assessment and the position of the tibia, the best indicators were for the maintenance of cows on deep litter. У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу різних видів та варіантів застосувань підстилкового матеріалу (подрібнена солома, тирса, не подрібнена солома та глибока соломʼяна підстилка) на комфортність умов утримання та реакції добової поведінки молочних корів. Встановлено, що найбільш комфортним для відпочинку серед досліджуваних варіантів є утримання на глибокій довгонезмінюваній підстилці. За такої технології утримання показники тривалості відпочинку у положенні лежачи та кількості корів котрі поїдають корм відразу після його роздавання та доїння переважали вказані показники отримані за інших технологій, адже тварини не лімітовані в часі і межах місць відпочинку та мають дещо більший фронт годівлі, що безпосередньо впливає на процеси продукування молока. Виявлено, що за утримання корів на глибокій довгонезмінюваній підстилці найменша кількість випадків вологості місць відпочинку, порівняно з іншими варіантами підстилки. Дана технологія утримання забезпечує рівномірне внесення подрібненої соломи у розрахунку 6-10 кг на корову по всій площі місця для відпочинку. Встановлено, що за комплексними індексами, котрі характеризують комфорт утримання, гігієнічну оцінку та стан гомілкових суглобів, найкращі показники були за утримання корів на глибокій підстилці. За такого виду підстилки тварини відрізнялись меншим забрудненням боків, вимені та кінцівок порівняно з іншими варіантами. Ключові слова: солом'яна підстилка; етологія; відпочинок; добробут; споживання корму; гігієнічна оцінка.
A comparative assessment of the fattening qualities of rabbits of different breeds on a farm with an intensive technology of rabbit meat production was carried. The material for the study was a herd of rabbits of meat and skin breeds: Gray Giant Flander, Californian, Silver Fox. The experiment was carried by the group method. For this purpose, 30 rabbits were selected at 45 days of age and 3 groups of 10 heads were formed. Analogue rabbits were selected by breed, age, live weight, sex. The experimental livestock was housed in a shed-type room equipped with 4 rows of mesh cages arranged in two tiers, in which bunker feeders and nipple drinking bowls were installed. The animals were fed with pellets compound feed with the addition of leguminous Herbal hay. Compound feed was distributed from bunker self-feeders, Herbal hay – from feeders (mangers). The rabbits were watered from nipple drinkers, which provided the animals with constant access to food and water. In the course of the research, the live weight of rabbits, absolute and average daily gain, relative growth rate and feed costs were studied. It has been found that the Californian rabbits fulfill their growth potential better than the Silver Fox and Gray Giant Flander rabbits. Average daily gains in rabbits of the Californian breed were 1.8 g higher compared to analogs of the Silver Fox breed and 1.18 g higher than in the Gray Giant Flander. In terms of live weight, at the end of the experiment, the Californian rabbits were dominated by analogs of the Silver Fox breed by 116.7 g and by 90 g of Gray Giant Flander rabbits. The level of profitability of raising young rabbits for meat of the Californian breed was 12.2 %, and the Gray Giant Flander and Silver Fox breeds, respectively – 3.8 and 4.0 %. Key words: fattening qualities, Gray Giant Flander, Silver Foxy breed, Californian breed, average daily gains, economic efficiency.
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