Gramine was isolated from the leaves of Acer saccharinum L., JV,M-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine from the bark of Dictyoloma incanescens D.C., bufotenine from the seeds of Piptadenia colubrina Benth., and N, V-dimethyltryptamine from the roots of Mimosa hostilis Benth.Several plants which we have studied recently have, by coincidence, yielded indole alkaloids of simple structure. Four of these are described in the present paper.
Methylation of Some Amides in Acetone 1321 under reflux for 20 hours. The cooled solution, after acidification, was extracted with ether (four times). The ether was removed and the acidic residue was esterified with diazomethane to yield 5.2 g. (52% on the basis of the unsaturated nitrile used) of XII as a colorless oil, b.p. 108°( 2 mm.), n33d 1.4637.
Butorphanol (Stadol) is a synthetic agonist-antagonist analgesic from the 14-hydroxymorphinan series. Animal studies display analgesia, antitussive effects, low gastrointestinal activity, limited respiratory depression, some cardiovascular and skeletal muscle actions, diuresis, slight miosis and opiate antagonism. Butorphanol is metabolized in the liver with renal excretion, yielding a half-life of 3-4 h. Pain relief is good to excellent with parenteral administration in 90% of patients with moderate to severe pain. Surgical anesthetic indications involve preoperative and preinduction supplementation, balanced anesthesia and postoperative pain. Side effects are sedation, nausea, elevated pulmonary vascular pressures and rarely CNS excitation. Limited respiratory depression exists. Butorphanol is a potent analgesic agent with a favorable side effect profile.
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