In this study, the biomethane potential of five agricultural crop residues (ACR's) (rice straw, vegetable waste, maize straw, coffee husk and oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB)) and five Fruit-Based Agro-Industrial Wastes (FBAIW's) (jackfruit straw, banana, orange, apple and pineapple peel waste) were evaluated. The carbon and energy balance for each waste was also theoretically modelled for two biogas conversion scenarios (AD with CHP or biogas upgrading). A standard biomethane potential test (BMP) was operated over 30 days at 37 o C. Specific methane potential (SMP) of FBAIW's was generally higher than that of the ACR's, except for vegetable waste. Vegetable waste was identified as having the highest SMP (0.420 m 3 /kgVS added ). With respect to ACRs, OPEFB and coffee husk had the lowest SMP values of 0.185 and 0.181 m 3 /kgVS added , respectively. This was attributed to the higher lignin content of these wastes which can impact on biodegradation and subsequent biogas production. Theoretical estimations showed a positive energy balance for all wastes tested. In terms of exportable energy, apple peel waste was shown to have the highest exportable energy potential. The FBAIW's also exhibited greater emissions savings than ACR's (with the exception of vegetable waste). This study concluded that there is good potential to valorise these wastes using AD and that this could address the challenges of waste management and clean energy provision in Indonesia.
High consumption of fossil fuels in Indonesia needs to be reduced by using renewable energy, such as from biomass. In Indonesia, as one of the largest maritime countries, macroalgae (i.e. seaweed) are also considered as potential renewable biomass feedstocks for substituting any land biomass. This study aimed to investigate biodegradability and biogas potential of macroalgae (Gracilaria sp.) as single-or co-digestion feedstock using anaerobic digestion technology. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was carried out for 28 days at temperature of 37 °C to investigate the specific methane potential. All samples were in triplicate. Combinations of Gracilaria sp. with various biomass feedstocks (i.e. food waste, tofu dregs) were also tested. The findings indicated a potential valorisation of macroalgae for biogas production either as single or co-digestion feedstock, as well as a potential for electricity generation. However, further optimisation process is required for better and higher degradation process.
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