Daging sapi dan olahannya merupakan sasaran pemalsuan. Pelaku pemalsuan daging sapi mencampur daging sapi dengan daging spesies hewan lain, sehingga berakibat pada berubahnya status kehalalan daging. Selain itu, kondisi tersebut dapat menjadi penyebab serius pada risiko kesehatan, seperti potensi keracunan, sumber penyakit maupun alergi. Pengawasan yang efektif diperlukan guna menjamin keaslian dan keamanan daging. Metode deteksi secara molekuler yang umum digunakan adalah multiplex-PCR karena efisien dan sensitif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeteksi sensitivitas multiplex-PCR primer gen 12S rRNA yang spesifik untuk spesies sapi, anjing, babi, dan tikus. Template DNA dibuat masing-masing enam konsentrasi, yaitu 25; 10; 1; 0,1; 0,01; 0,001 ng/ìL untuk proses simplex dan multiplex-PCR. Hasil uji sensitivitas menggunakan metode simplex-PCR menunjukkan bahwa primer gen 12S rRNA dapat mengamplifikasi spesies sapi, anjing, babi, dan tikus dengan akurat hingga konsentrasi 0,001 ng/ìL. Pengujian sensitivitas multiplex-PCR gen 12S rRNA dapat mengamplifikasi spesies sapi, anjing, babi hingga konsentrasi 0,001 ng/ìL dan pada spesies tikus hingga konsentrasi 1 ng/ìL. Metode PCR ini dapat digunakan sebagai solusi alternatif dalam studi halal dan verifikasi label pangan
This review was purposed to understand the effectiveness of bovine bone gelatin as an antihypertensive agent. This review concerning the effectiveness of bovine bone gelatin as an antihypertensive agent. Hypertension, also called as a silent disease, has become the main cause of coronary heart disease and stroke that contributes to the malfunction of human organs. Changes of lifestyle alongside with science enhancement, provides new inventions regarding methods of hypertension therapy by minimizing the use of synthetic drugs. Collagen tissue of bovine bone gelatin is known to contain angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an active peptide that plays a role in lowering blood pressure supporting with the large amount of Gly (27%), Pro (17.6%), and Hyp (14.4%) and repeating pattern of Gly-X-Y. A study was carried out in vivo using injected spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with 30 mg/kg and was able to reduce blood pressure by 15 mmHg. Antihypertensive test with SHR tail-cuff at 30 mg/kg bovine gelatin hydrolysate RGL-(Hyp)-GL and RGM-(Hyp)-GF were 31.3 mmHg and 38.6 mmHg respectively. A study conducted using bovine and porcine gelatin with 30–50 kDa (permeate P1) and 1–2 kDa (permeate P3) was able to reduce blood pressure by 22 mmHg and 21.33 mmHg. In addition, it is still possible conducting research to find out other peptides of bovine bone gelatin that can be used as a future alternative antihypertensive agent.
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