In recent years, the design community has witnessed the development of several design approaches aimed at taking into account the diversity of human abilities and conditions during design. One of these approaches is inclusive design, used here as an umbrella term to cover also universal design and design for all. This article addresses some of the common questions that arise when inclusive design is considered in relation to the built environment. It discusses how inclusive design is defined and interpreted, what its relevance, implications and challenges are in relation to the built environment, how it relates to other significant design issues, and how it can be fostered in the future. This introduction to the idea of inclusive design is of interest to built environment professionals and researchers seeking a more holistic approach to the built environment. Foregrounding the diversity in human interactions with the built environment supports reflection on the human impact of design decisions. By offering diverse spatial qualities and use opportunities, inclusive design has the potential to help addressing the challenges of our diverse and ageing society in a sustainable way.

Depending on the type and stage of dementia, residents may have different needs for space to move, sensory stimuli, and social contact. In order to meet these different needs, confining residents to a dementia special care unit to the top floor should be avoided unless it is carefully designed, providing sufficient freedom of movement and connection with the outside world.

Human values and social issues shape visions on dwelling and care for older people, a growing number of whom live in residential care facilities. These facilities' architectural design is considered to play an important role in realizing care visions. This role, however, has received little attention in research.This article presents a case study of a residential care facility for which the architects made considerable effort to match the design with the care vision. The study offers insights into residents' and caregivers' experiences of, respectively, living and working in this facility, and the role of architectural features therein.A single qualitative case study design was used to provide in-depth, contextual insights. The methods include semi-structured interviews with residents and caregivers, and participant observation. Data concerning design intentions, assumptions and strategies were obtained from design documents, through a semi-structured interview with the architects, and observations on site.Our analysis underlines the importance of freedom (and especially freedom of movement), and the balance between experiencing freedom and being bound to a social and physical framework. It shows the architecture features that can have a role therein: small-scaleness in terms of number of residents per dwelling unit, size and compactness; spatial generosity in terms of surface area, room to maneuver and variety of places; and physical accessibility. Our study challenges the idea of familylike group living. Since we found limited sense of group belonging amongst residents, our findings suggest to rethink residential care facilities in terms of private or collective living in order to address residents' social freedom of movement. Caregivers associated 'hominess' with freedom of movement, action and choice, with favorable social dynamics and with the building's residential character. Being perceived as homey, the facility's architectural design matches caregivers' care vision and, thus, helped them realizing this vision.

With the case study presented in this article we explore how people with dementia experience and use their environment to expand our understanding of how architectural environments can improve their well-being. We focus on how relationships between people and spaces change for people with dementia. Using a qualitative analysis of three in-depth interviews with a woman living with dementia, we obtained an insider's perspective and a rich account of the changes in her life, including her lived experiences and interventions in her home environment. We contend that looking at people with dementia in relation to and interaction with their environment, combined with an explorative research approach, might reveal multiple and innovative possibilities in designing for people with dementia. To that end, and to build on existing architectural expertise, we suggest focusing on architectural ordering principles across different cases.

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