Introduction. From the evaluation of the positions of residual quantities of pesticides, the hygienic safety assessment of imported food products is most relevant under the current agreement on a free trade zone between the EAEU and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as in connection with a large list of chemical plant protection products used during the vegetation of crops. The purpose of the study. Rating the level of residual quantities of pesticides in samples of selected food products produced in Vietnam is the purpose of the study. Research objectives. To quantify 42 active ingredients of pesticides (and their metabolites) in samples of rice grain, dragon fruit (pitahaya), avocado, mango and banana (fresh and dried) are the research objectives. Material and methods. Multicomponent and individual methods based on LC and GC with MS-detection and FLD were used to identify active ingredients of pesticides. The sample preparation procedure with QuEChERS technology was used for the multi residues determination of the 40 compounds. The determination of avermectins (abamectin and emamectin benzoate) was carried out after the conversion of substances into fluorogenic derivatives. Results. Residual amounts of tebuconazole (rice - 0.53 ppm, mangoes - 0.26 ppm, avocado - 0.15 ppm), fludioxonil (rice - 0.017 ppm), imidacloprid (dried mangoes - 0.01 ppm), carbendazim (dried mangoes - 0.011 ppm) were identified in single samples No residual avermectins have been identified. The content of substances in the analyzed samples of dragon fruit (pitahaya) did not exceed 0.01 ppm. Discussion. The results obtained in the work are compared with the data of the annual pan-European and national monitoring, information on which is publicly available (2017), including imported goods, according to which rice and dragon fruits as objects of monitoring are given increased attention. Conclusions. The safety of certain types of food products imported from Vietnam is shown by the content of residual quantities of pesticides.
There is implemented the development of the model of assessment of the risk from working conditions/ This model allows to solve the problem of the safe use of pesticides in agricultural production of the Russian Federation. The importance of the parallel assessment of the risk for the specific factor of the external exposure to operators (SF ex.) and absorbed dose (SF int.) is presented. Studies of more than 500 pesticides have shown the following correlation of the SF ex. and SF int.: in 8.3-37.5% cases SF ex. and SF int. were practically equal, in 44.8-85.7% cases SF ex. was higher up to by 10 times and in 8.3-26.3% cases SF int. is higher up to by 30 times. Introduction of the new evaluation criterion SF int. increases reliability of the risk assessment.
Introduction. The increased interest in viticulture in Russia makes mancozeb-based fungicides in demand. Safety and health of operators during application pesticides is a major concern in agricultural activities. Materials and methods. Field studies to determine the exposure of various formulations of mancozeb in the air of the working area and on the skin of the operators during airblast spraying of orchards were carried out. Margin of safety by exposure (KBtotal) and by absorbed dose (KBabs) were conducted. Exposure assessment included the determination of its probability. Results. Wettable powders compared with water-dispersible granules show a fivefold increase in the average concentrations of mancozeb found in the air of the work area and almost a threefold increase in the skin. Exposure and absorbed dose risk rates for wettable powders are three times higher than for water-dispersible granules. For one of the drugs, the total risk was higher than the tolerable risk. The probability distribution vector of possible danger states for the operator after the sixth hour of work shows the probability of an unacceptable state as the highest. Limitations. The scopes of the study were determined by studying the behaviour of mancozeb in the formulations of the wettable powder and water-dispersible granules during airblast spraying of orchards. Conclusion. For health safety purposes, mancozeb-based preparations should be used in compliance with the regulations and safety measures. Operators, who handle and apply pesticides in orchards, should be forcing to wear protective garments and personal protective equipment. The choice of water-dispersible granules formulation is preferable. Don’t exceed the application rate and spraying time.
Intensive use of pesticides in Russia puts forward the task of identifying ways to prevent their adverse effects on the health of workers. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the safety requirements when working with pesticides in agriculture from a toxicological and hygienic standpoint. An analytical study was performed. Research materials documents regulating the use of pesticides, scientific publications, data from own research. The safety of pesticides for those working with them is based on numerous toxicological and hygienic studies carried out at the stage of registration tests. According to the results of toxicological studies, including the establishment of toxicity parameters for acute inhalation, dermal and oral intake, subacute and chronic exposure, in accordance with the hygienic classification of pesticides by degree of danger, a hazard class is established, which determines the possibility, scale, technology of the use of pesticides on the territory of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to the study of sensitizing effects, irritating effects on the skin and mucous membranes, as well as possible manifestations of long-term effects (teratogenic, embryotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic). The severity of carcinogenic and mutagenic effects determines the restriction of the use of pesticides, up to a complete ban. Hygienic regulation of the content of active substances of pesticides is carried out taking into account the hazard class and toxicity parameters. A prerequisite for the safe use of pesticides is the establishment of hygienic standards in almost all environments. The last stage of the study is an assessment of the risk to workers when using each pesticide in real conditions of agricultural production and regulation of use. Conclusion. Safety requirements for those working with pesticides when applied using various technologies in agricultural conditions are determined taking into account the hazard class of pesticides and the equipment used. The application of the method of assessing the risk of exposure to pesticides at the stage of registration tests guarantees the exclusion from circulation in Russia of drugs that pose a real danger to a working person. The minimum risk of exposure to pesticides on workers is ensured by compliance with all safety requirements and application regulations.
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