There is implemented the development of the model of assessment of the risk from working conditions/ This model allows to solve the problem of the safe use of pesticides in agricultural production of the Russian Federation. The importance of the parallel assessment of the risk for the specific factor of the external exposure to operators (SF ex.) and absorbed dose (SF int.) is presented. Studies of more than 500 pesticides have shown the following correlation of the SF ex. and SF int.: in 8.3-37.5% cases SF ex. and SF int. were practically equal, in 44.8-85.7% cases SF ex. was higher up to by 10 times and in 8.3-26.3% cases SF int. is higher up to by 30 times. Introduction of the new evaluation criterion SF int. increases reliability of the risk assessment.
Pesticides variety for agricultural purposes is constantly renewed via creation of preparations that are more effective and less hazardous for environment. Implementation of new technologies of their use often anticipates studies of consequences of their application, from the viewpoint of health risk for workers and population. The article covers hygienic evaluation of the pesticide application with aerosol generator use.
Complex experimental studies enabled to differentiate character and degree of homoitherm body changes under isolated and combined exposure to hazards associated with plasma technology. Findings are that combined exposure to hazards induces in homoitherm body severe morpho-functional changes: compromised bioenergetic processes in myocardium, microcirculatory disorders in brain and subcutaneous connective tissue, increased morpho-functional activity of spongiocytes in adrenal cortex; higher number of dark mastocytes and their depressed degranulation. When isolated, each of the factors caused not all the complex of disorders, and the changes registered were less marked. Inflammatory and dystrophic changes appeared to occur in stages involving respiratory tract of workers using plasma technologies.
Introduction. Pesticides as biologically active compounds posing potential hazard to worker’s health may cause both acute and chronic occupational poisonings (diseases). Apart from the occupational setting, many people get exposed to pesticides during their use in personal subsidiary plots. Various pesticide application techniques, such as ground-based boom spraying of field crops, air blast spraying of gardens, aerial spraying of fields and forests, treatment of greenhouses, seed dressing, fumigation of grain and warehouses, preparation and application of baits, require a differentiated approach to precautionary measures. Safety use practices for pesticides developed by F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene in the past shall be revised to incorporate changes in formulations, techniques, and regulations. Objective. To substantiate hazard-specific safety requirements for various pesticide application techniques and equipment in the agricultural industry. Materials and methods. We analyzed regulatory documents and guidelines, results of our own long-term studies, and publicly available information on the safe use of pesticides in agriculture. Results. Based on our findings, we suggest measures for the safe use of pesticides complying with appropriate regulations for the processed crops and application rules and taking into account conditions of the equipment used. We also provide recommendations for prevention of acute pesticide poisoning for agricultural workers, farmers and users from the standpoint of occupational health. Conclusion. It is important to develop a profound document summarizing occupational safety and health requirements for all pesticide use practices.
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