Subject. Gingival recession refers to a form of periodontal disease, which is characterized by a decrease in the free gum without signs of chronic inflammation in the apical direction of the gum and periodontal tissues. The goal is to determine the clinical and radiological features of periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession. Methodology. A comprehensive diagnostic examination was conducted according to a specially developed algorithm of 47 patients aged 20 to 45 years old with a diagnosis of gum recession, which included the collection of anamnestic data, special questionnaires, clinical, radiological and ultrasound examinations of periodontal tissues. Results. According to clinical and radiological data, the diagnosis of gum recession was confirmed in all patients: in 31 (62 %) ― Miller's class I gum recession, in 11 (25 %) ― II, in 5 (11 %) ― III and in 1 (2 %) ― IV. The dependence of the gum recession on the quality of oral hygiene was determined: with satisfactory oral hygiene (OHI-S <2.6), the depth of the gum recession was 1-1.5 mm, with poor (OHI-S> 2.6) ― more than 1,5 mm. In 14 (42.8 %) patients, a concomitant diagnosis of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis was established, in 57.2 % of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Of the total number of patients, a thin biotype was determined in 30 (63.8 %) patients, and a thick biotype was identified in 17 (36.2 %). A combination of a thin biotype with a small vestibule of the oral cavity, the presence of anomalies of the frenum and strands of the mucous membrane in 23.4 % was revealed. Conclusions. Miller class I gingival recessions have the highest frequency of occurrence (62 %). The ultrasonic research method allowed non-invasive determination of the gingival biotype and gum thickness. A thin biotype of the gum was diagnosed in 63.8 % of patients, which must be taken into account when planning surgical treatment.
Subject. Some features of the clinical picture, hygienic and microbiological state of the oral cavity, acidity and free-radical oxidation of the oral fluid in patients with recurrent aphthates on the background of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are considered. The aim is to assess the relationship between clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with recurrent oral aphthae associated with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Methodology. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 58 young people with revealed recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity against the background of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract was carried out. The level of oral hygiene was assessed using the ONI-s index, the state of free-radical oxidation of the oral fluid - the "Chemilumimer-003" device, individual representatives of the normal flora were identified by inoculating the contents from the surface of aphthous elements on special differential diagnostic media of the HiCrome series. The acidity of the oral fluid was determined using a universal indicator litmus paper pH-1-14, short-term intragastric pHmetry was performed directly during fibrogastroduodenoscopy. Results. In 46.4 % of those examined, recurrent aphthae were found on the oral mucosa. In persons with chronic gastritis and duodenitis, the frequency of recurrences once a year was 37.9 %, 2-3 times a year ― 62.0, with the presence of chronic pancreatitis against the background of hyperacid gastric secretion ― 44.8 and 55.2, respectively. In patients with recurrent aphthae, a low level of oral hygiene, a violation of its microbiome, and a change in the acidity of the oral fluid were revealed. Conclusions. The presence of recurrent aphthae complicates individual oral hygiene, because accompanied by severe pain and paresthetic symptoms. This is manifested by an increase in the ONI-S index and a disturbance in the state of the normobiome in the form of an increase in the growth of resident microflora against the background of changes in the acidity of the oral fluid. Chemiluminescence indices correlate with the hygienic state of the oral cavity, qualitative changes in the normobiota and pH of the oral fluid in the studied clinical groups.
The purpose of the study is to evaluation of peculiarities of complaints, symptoms and clinical manifestations of typical asymptomatic (L43.80) and erosive-ulcerative (L43.82) forms of lichen planus (LP), its manifestations on the oral mucosa, depending on the age and sex of patients. Material and methods. In the present study, 111 patients with OLP were divided into a main clinical group with erosive-ulcerative form of OLP (L43.82, n = 86) and a comparison group with typical asymptomatic form of OLP (L43.80, n = 25) based on the complex of dental examination and simple randomization method. Mann–Whitney and chi-square tests, including Yates' correction, were used to assess the statistical significance of differences between the groups. Results. Patients with the typical asymptomatic form of OLP (L43.80) often had grayish-white, flat papules up to 2 mm in diameter on the unchanged mucosa of the cheeks and dorsal surface of the tongue in the absence of complaints. In the erosive and ulcerative form (L43.82) of OLP, the complaints of pain, intensifying at intake of hard, spicy and hot food, feeling of tightness, roughness, burning, slight dryness prevailed, papules, erosions of irregular or polygonal ulcers were simultaneously observed on swollen, hyperemic mucosa of cheeks, corners of mouth and lateral surface of tongue. The studied pathology prevailed in 81.98% of cases in persons of young working age. Depending on the form of OLP, the intensity of caries according to the CPU index corresponds to a high or very high degree of caries process, the state of oral hygiene according to the OHI-S index of poor or poor hygiene, the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues according to the PMA index of mild or medium degree of inflammation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: thus, the identified features of complaints, symptoms and manifestations of oral mucosal lichen planus should be taken into account by general practitioners when conducting outpatient appointments.
Relevance of the research topic. The authors found that various risk factors play a leading role in changing the clinical state of periodontal tissues. The aim is a comparative assessment of the clinical condition of periodontal tissues based on the correlation of hygienic and periodontal indices depending on age. Material and methods. A comprehensive clinical examination of 765 young people was conducted. The main group consisted of 70 (66.6%) patients with diagnosed chronic gingivitis and 145 (33.35%) patients with mild initial periodontitis due to the presence of conditionally pathogenic and periodontopathogenic types of microorganisms in the microbial biofilm. The control group was formed by 83 patients whose index evaluation revealed the condition of periodontal tissues in the form of clinically healthy gums with intact periodontal and clinically healthy gums with periodontal tissue loss, respectively, in 61.4 and 38.6% of cases of observations. Study results. In 61.4% of persons forming groups with clinically healthy gums, hygienic and periodontal indices are within normal values, in 38.6% of cases of persons there is a tendency to change them from the norm. In 47.7% and 52.3% of cases of individuals with gingivitis and in 48.3% and 51.7% of individuals with initial periodontitis, the OHI-S index correlates with the indicators of PMA, GI and SBI (p < 0.001, p = 0.315). Conclusions. Thus, the revealed changes in the indicators of hygienic and periodontal indices (the Chuprov conjugacy coefficient is 0.64 (p = 0.012), the Kraskel-Wallis criterion (H = 7.89, p < 0.05) makes it possible to clearly determine the clinical condition of periodontal tissues corresponding to modern European criteria.
Relevanct of the research topic. One of the possible causes of apical periodontitis is the infectious inflammatory process of the periapical periodontal tissues. The microflora of the root canal system is represented by various microorganisms, among which streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci most often prevail. The complex anatomy of the root canal system ensures the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and the endodontic treatment does not always contribute to their qualitative and quantitative reduction. Purpose ― study of the effectiveness of endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in the near and long term. Methods. We observed 110 patients aged 20 to 30 years with apical periodontitis, bone density analysis and microbiological examination of the contents of the root canal. Depending on the obtained clinical and laboratory data, the patients were divided into two clinical groups: in group I endodontic treatment of 55 teeth was carried out according to the scheme developed by us; in group II — 55 teeth using the standard method of treatment. Results. In endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis, treatment of the root canal system with a diode laser promotes better decontamination of the microflora. Coal mining introduction into the root canal system and in the region of the transition folds of the platelet autoplasma leads to an increase of the reparative process in the periapical region (p≤0.05). Summary. The inclusion in the Protocol of endodontic treatment of apical periodontitis of treatment of the root canal system with a diode laser and injection of platelet autoplasm is a more effective method of treatment in comparison with the traditional one.
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