The reproduction of human potential in the socioeconomic space of heterogeneous rural territories is a prerequisite for ensuring food security in Russia and sustainable development of rural territories. The state regional policy aimed at improving the quality of life of the rural population is not effective enough. This is evidenced by irrevocable migration from the village of the working-age population with high qualifications. One of the main reasons for the situation in rural areas is the low quality of the subsystems of the socioeconomic space of rural areas, which does not correspond to the social and economic needs of the population, its readiness to fulfill certain social roles. The article reveals and scientifically substantiates the relationship between the incomplete reproduction of human potential and the low quality of the subsystems of the socioeconomic space of rural territories. Organizational and economic tools are proposed, the implementation of which will ensure the integrity and high quality of the socioeconomic space in heterogeneous rural areas. The signs of groups of rural territories in which the full reproduction of human potential requires the use of tools with a greater share of the state participation have been identified and scientifically substantiated.