Introduction. The economic well-being of the country depends on the size of the able-bodied population. The maximum possible preservation of labor potential is an essential task of public health in any country. The complexity and diversity of factors affecting the population’s mortality make the problem of studying this index considered one of the most urgent. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of mortality of Russia’s able-bodied population from the circulatory system’s diseases. Material and methods. as the research materials, the Single Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System’s official information. Results. During the past ten years, the mortality rate of the able-bodied population of Russia has been reduced by 1,7 times from all causes. The life expectancy at birth has increased by six years, and the proportion of non-disabled people has decreased by 7% in the population structure. The leading causes of mortality of Russia’s able-bodied population in 2016 were diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) and external causes in the presence of significant differences between Russia’s federal districts. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease occupy a vital place in the mortality structure of Russia’s able-bodied population. There were significant regional differences in the mortality rate of Russia’s able-bodied population from IHD (2.7 times). In regions with a high mortality rate of the able-bodied population from the DCS, a mortality rate of the able-bodied population from IHD was high. In all areas of Russia, the mortality rate of working-age men is higher than that of women. Conclusion. High mortality rates of Russia’s able-bodied population from DCS determine significant social and economic losses in the country. It put the task of optimizing existing and developing additional activities to study the causes of regional and gender differences, creating and improving organizational and medico-social technologies to improve the demographic situation.
Introduction. The optimal physical activity of schoolchildren ensures adequate physical development, considered as the totality of the morphological and functional properties of the body that characterize the process of its growth and maturation at each age interval. Main objective of research. To determine the values of individual accumulative risks of impairment of schoolchildren’s health components depending on the level of the physical activity and develop recommendations for their reduction. Material and methods. The study involved 709 schoolchildren aged 12-14 years. To solve the tasks there were used hygienic methods with an assessment of the physical mode, training mode, indicators of the functional capabilities of schoolchildren; anthropometric methods; information and analytical methods and statistical methods, including associative analysis. The level of physical activity of schoolchildren was classified according to daily energy expenditure, determined by summing energy expenditure across all categories of physical activity. Result and discussion. Individual accumulative risks of schoolchildren’s health problems were shown to be elevated in all components of health with an increase in the deviation of the level of physical activity from the optimum, and the time factor has a significant effect on the growth of individual accumulative risks of schoolchildren’s health problems. In order to reduce the likelihood of the formation of health disorders in schoolchildren, it has been established that the identification of physical activity impairments and the application of corrective measures should be carried out as early as possible - in the period up to 6 months from the moment when violations were detected. In drawing up a plan of corrective measures for the formation of an optimal level of average daily workload for school-age children, the categories of physical activity outside the normal range require a reduction to the recommended intensity and duration according to the gender and age. Associative rules have been obtained that allow identifying the causes of the disturbance of the structure of physical activity and make adjustments taking into account the relationship between categories of physical activity. The optimization was achieved by reducing the duration of time spent on various categories of physical activity to the recommended one. Conclusion. Application of the results of this study will reduce individual accumulative risks of violations of schoolchildren’s health, preserve the health of the younger generation, and provide optimal personal and physical development.
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