According to World Health Organization about 15% of the world’s adult population suffer from complete adentia, with a steady growth in the number of patients affecting not only the elderly which is accounted for by an increase in life expectancy, yet also among people in their working age. Apart from disturbed chewing and speech functions, complete adentia leads to altered anatomical and topographic proportions of the face and facial skeleton, progressive atrophy and osteoporosis of the jaws, masticatory and mimic muscle atrophy, as well as to dysfunction affecting these muscles and temporomandibular joints. Due to lack of proper nutrition, changed exterior, issues in interaction with others, this group of patients develop a whole set of psychosomatic reactions finally causing social withdrawal. Rehabilitation of patients with complete loss of teeth is an urgent issue. However, the effectiveness of prosthetic treatment depends not only on the denture manufacturing technology, but on the quality of functioning involving the maxillofacial organs in combination with the respective orthopedic appliances. Whereas precise and reliable assessment of the maxillofacial neuromuscular balance enables to predict immediate and long-term outcomes of orthopedic treatment. Employing the principles of neuromuscular dentistry allows us to assess reliably the changes in the reflex mechanisms of muscular apparatus. This was carried out throughout all the stages of prosthetic treatment in patients with complete adentia with intraosseous implants with fixed bridges and conditionally removable denture.
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The CASE Network is a group of economic and social research centers in Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and Belarus. Organizations in the network regularly conduct joint research and advisory projects. The research covers a wide spectrum of economic and social issues, including economic effects of the European integration process, economic relations between the EU and CIS, monetary policy and euro-accession, innovation and competitiveness, and labour markets and social policy. The network aims to increase the range and quality of economic research and information available to policy-makers and civil society, and takes an active role in on-going debates on how to meet the economic challenges facing the EU, post-transition countries and the global economy. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor mayThe CASE network consists of: AbstractThis paper studies costs and benefits of institutional harmonisation in the context of EU relations with its neighbors. The purpose of this paper is to outline the likely forms of institutional harmonisation between the EU and its Eastern neighbors and provide an overview of the methodologies that can be used in measuring its effects (costs and benefits). This paper serves as a background for two measurement exercises -one on benefits and another on costs -that are to be undertaken during the second stage of research. INSTITUTIONAL HARMONIZATION IN THE CONTEXT... CASE Reports No. 75/2007The Authors Veliko Dimitrov is a senior economist at the Institute for Market Economics (IME), Bulgaria. He has worked at IME as a research economist since May 2005, and as a senior economist since January 2007. Veliko studied International Economic Relations at the University of National and World Economics, Sofia and has taken several courses at Friedrich Ludwig University, Freiburg, Germany. He has experience in project management, economic research in various areas, occasional lecturing and participation in public policy TV and radio debates. He is a regular columnist in several major Bulgarian newspapers and periodical bulletins published by IME. His main spheres of specialization include the improvement of the national legislation process, labour market reform, reduction of administrative burdens, deregulation of economic activity, telecommunications sector regulation, and cost-benefit analysis.Vladimir Dubrovskiy is senior economist and member of the supervisory board of CASE Ukraine. Mr. Dubrovskiy specializes in the issues...
We describe a number of experiments devoted to compensation for aberrations in the primary mirror of a telescope using a volume dynamic holography technique, where the writing and reading of the hologram are carried out indepeadently.Three sets of experiments demonstrating holographic aberration correction have been performed. In all cases transmitting holograms were formed in photorefractive crystals such as BSO and SBN. In experiments with a small diameter primary minor the image is formed by a multicolor point-like object. The system includes an unit wich compensates for the hologram dispersion. The aberration correction of a six-segmented primary mirror of 1 50 mm in diameter is demonstrated in conditions where there is a pronounced difference in the wavelengths of the recording beams and that of the source observed (AX=O.12 tim). The experiments on observation an extended object of continuous spectrum (&=O.35 tm) with a single primary mirror of 1 50 mm diameter have been also made.All these experiments indicate an efficient compensation for distortions ofthe primary mirror by the hologram.
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