Introduction. The article analyzes the history of the creation of architectural objects surrounding the main square of the city – the Square of Fallen Fighters in the pre-war period of 1928–1938. The sequence of development of the square with new buildings of the era of “industrial constructivism”, as well as the reconstruction of houses built in Tsaritsyn, is covered in detail. Methods and materials. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The authors pay attention to the facts related to solving the problems of transforming pre-war Stalingrad into a “socialist city” – the center of industry and culture in the Lower Volga region. Separate events of the first period of the assault on Stalingrad related to the defense of iconic buildings in the central part of the city, which turned into nodes of resistance of the Soviet troops in the September street battles, are considered. Buildings and structures of the pre-war period of the city’s life that represented the appearance of the urban environment of Stalingrad, including the Square of Fallen Fighters, were forever lost to posterity. The purpose of the work is to analyze the historical architectural features of the main square and the surrounding area for subsequent computer modeling of the lost historical and cultural objects of pre-war Stalingrad based on the methodology of 3D reconstruction of structures. This approach to the historical heritage, which the city lost during the years of harsh atheistic propaganda and war, is partly able to recreate for contemporaries and subsequent generations various stages of life in Volgograd, with a characteristic appearance and features that reflect the characteristics of the city’s environment. Historical and analytical material is necessary for compositional modeling, which will allow reconstructing architectural objects of pre-war Stalingrad for further research and use in the development of a virtual tour.
The subject of research is the history of the Central Department Store as a memorable object of the Battle of Stalingrad. Today the building belongs to historical monuments of federal significance, as well as to architectural monuments of regional significance. The central department store is part of the ensemble of the Square of the Fallen Wrestlers - the main square of the city. The choice of the subject of research is due to the need for historical analysis of the architectural objects of the main Square for the subsequent computer modeling of iconic historical and cultural objects of the pre-war and military Stalingrad based on the application of the methodology of 3D reconstruction of structures. Systematic and interdisciplinary approaches were used as the methodological basis of the study. The source base is represented by periodicals (newspapers, scientific journals), historical documents and reference publications. During its work, the Stalingrad Central Department Store has established itself as one of the best in the union. It is known that in terms of its indicators, SCDS was among the advanced and was very quickly able to win the status of Indicative. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the building was partially destroyed. In October 1942, the headquarters of the 71st Wehrmacht division was located in its basements. Later, in January 1943, the basements of the department store were occupied by the headquarters of the 6th Army and its commander, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, where he was captured on January 31 by soldiers of the 38th motorized rifle brigade of the Soviet 64th Army.
В статье рассматриваются экономические и социокультурные аспекты практик национальных деловых сообществ южных районов Саратовской губернии на примере Камышинского и Царицынского уездов в период модернизации страны начала XX столетия. Выявлены виды, формы коммерческой деятельности поволжских немцев, евреев, татар, обоснована роль национальных групп в развитии экономики и культуры Нижневолжского региона. Материалы справочного характера и введенные в научный оборот новые архивные источники позволяют рассмотреть специфику предпринимательства этнических сообществ и их религиозную принадлежность. Статья в определенной степени восполняет имеющиеся пробелы по истории социокультурного наследия Волгоградской области.
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