Феномены адекватного реагирования, преувеличения или преуменьшения людьми опасностей Успешное решение проблем, связанных с обеспечением безопасности личности, невозможно без ответа на вопрос, как сама личность относится к опасностям, как реагирует на угрозы: адекватно, преувеличивает или преуменьшает (игнорирует) их значение. В качестве гипотезы исследования выступило предположение о влиянии мотивационных, личностных и интеллектуальных факторов на тип реагирования человека в ситуациях опасности. В исследовании приняло участие 882 человека трех возрастных категорий: старшие школьники в возрасте от 15 до 17 лет-318 (мужчины-143, женщины-175); студенты в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет-375 (мужчины-106, женщины-251); взрослые люди в возрасте от 26 до 50 лет-207 (мужчины-60, женщины-147). В качестве диагностического инструментария выступили авторские опросники на выявление типов реагирования людей в ситуациях опасности, сензитивности (чувствительности) к угрозам, выраженности потребностей в опасности и в безопасности, а также известные в психологии опросники и тесты на выявление мотивационных, личностных и интеллектуальных особенностей людей. Обработка результатов проводилась с использованием методов математической статистики. Ключевые слова: опасность, угроза, тип реагирования на опасность, адекватное реагирование, преувеличение опасности, преуменьшение (игнорирование) опасности, сензитивность (чувствительность) к угрозам Перспективы Науки и Образования Международный электронный научный журнал
Introduction. Irrational beliefs as distortions in the perception of reality are characteristic of the representatives of many professions, including medical professionals. Effective work to overcome them, which should begin at the training stage, can be carried out only if the nature of the relationship between irrational beliefs and different factors, where needs, including security needs, playing an important role, is identifiedAim. The current research aims to identify the relationship between security needs and irrational beliefs among medical students.Research methodology. The authors tested the hypothesis of the relationship between the need for danger and the beliefs of the antisocial and aggressive types, the need for security with the beliefs of the dependent and avoidant types, the need for security with the beliefs of the obsessive-compulsive type, taking into account the gender and age of students. The study involved 277 (70 males and 197 females) junior and senior students of the Ivanovo State Medical Academy, with an average age of 19.25 ± 2.41 years old. As a diagnostic tool, the questionnaire developed by the authors was used to identify the needs for danger and safety as well as a list of irrational beliefs of A. Beck and A. Freeman.Results and scientific novelty. As a result, it was found that there were no significant differences in the studied parameters among both men and women. Both of them showed a positive relationship of irrational beliefs of the obsessive-compulsive type with the need for safety and a negative relationship with the need for danger, and beliefs of the dependent type – with the need for safety. Differences were found depending on the age. The need for security was negatively associated with anti-social beliefs among first-year students, and with passive- aggressive beliefs among senior students. The need for security among first-year students is positively correlated with the beliefs of the dependent type, and among senior students – with the beliefs of the avoidant type.Practical significance. The results obtained significantly supplement the data available in psychology on the role of irrational beliefs in meeting security needs. The research findings can also be used in the process of professional training of future medical students as well as in the work of the psychological service of universities.
Attitude towards dangers is the most important indicator of a person's adaptability to the surrounding reality. It includes sensitivity to threats and the choice of adequate or inappropriate responses to dangerous situations. Attitudes to danger are influenced by many factors. This study tested the hypothesis on the effect of irrational beliefs on the types of attitudes to dangers among students of medical and psychological-pedagogical profile. A total of 438 future medical students and educational psychologists of three higher educational institutions of Russia aged 17 to 40 years (average age-19.5 ± 2.8 years old) took part in the study. Men-121, women-317. The author's questionnaires were used to identify sensitivity to threats and people's choice of ways to respond in situations of danger, as well as a list of the irrational beliefs of A. Beck and A. Freeman. Mathematical processing was carried out using the φ * criterion-Fisher's angular transformation and Pearson's dichotomous correlation coefficient. As a result, many positive and negative connections of irrational beliefs with the types of students' attitudes towards dangers were found. In particular, exaggeration of dangers among men is determined by obsessive-compulsive beliefs, and among women-by avoidant beliefs; ignoring dangers-among men is determined by the beliefs of the antisocial type, and among women-by the beliefs of the passive-aggressive and histrionic types. As a result, it is concluded that irrational beliefs, along with other psychological factors, make a significant contribution to the formation of a particular type of personality's attitude to dangers. By creating conditions for overcoming certain irrational beliefs and replacing them with rational ones, it is possible to influence the optimization of a person's attitude to dangers. The results can be used in the training of medical and psychological-pedagogical students, as well as in the activities of psychological services of universities, aimed at correcting students' inadequate types of attitude to dangers.
Introduction. The relevance of the problem stems from the importance of studying the psychological determinants of people’s attitudes to hazards. A number of factors among them that can act as safety resources are of special importance. These factors include psychological capital and resilience. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between psychological capital, resilience and people’s attitudes to hazards, as exemplified by students. Materials and methods. The following was used as diagnostic tools: original questionnaires aimed to assess sensitivity to threats and substantiate the choice of response methods in hazardous situations, the Russian author-modified version of F. Lutans, K. Joseph and B. Avolio questionnaire towards identifying psychological capital, a brief version of the resilience questionnaire adapted by M.V. Alfimova and V.E. Golimbet. The study encompassed 340 students from a number of higher educational establishments of Moscow, Ivanovo, Cherepovets (Russian Federation); women – 268 (78.82%), men – 72 (21.18%), average age 19.8 years old (SD=1.88). Results. It was found that sensitivity to threats and the choice of adequate response methods are positively correlated with psychological capital (r=0.38, p≤0.01 and r=0.43, p≤0.01) and resilience (r=0.31, p≤0.01 and r=0.33, p≤0.01). Conversely, exaggeration of hazards proved to be negatively correlated to psychological capital (r=-0.29, p≤0.01) and resilience (r=-0.21, p≤0.01); meanwhile downplaying (ignoring) threats was negatively correlated with hope (r=-0.25, p≤0.01), activity involvement (r=-0.16, p≤0.01) and positively correlated with risk acceptance (r=0.12, p≤0.05). Conclusion. The obtained results can be used in organising safety activities and in working with students towards development of adequate style of handling hazards.
There is a need to develop specific techniques to help individuals in self-actualization. The article suggests an instrument that has been tested over years and validated with over 800 people. The theoretical basis is the method of making inner knowledge explicit, using a construct called sub�personality. The technology suggested the individual follows four steps: (1) s/he analyzes his/her strengths and weaknesses, drawing them on a plane of four concentric circles on paper; (2) s/he draws the qualities – subpersonalities as ‘little houses’; (3) models his/her personality with the help of a modified technique “Work with creative garbage”; and (4) uses elements of psychodrama (role-divided psychotherapy). The paper presents a case study of one participant, so as to show the practical application of this technology, and to validate its effectiveness. In the concluding section, we demonstrate how this technology helps a person to interpret one of his/her personal qualities, and creates conditions for self-acceptance, integrity of self-image, and ways of self-actualization. We confirm that the technology described can help psychologists to assist their patients in self-cognition and in learning about their personal qualities. This can help psychology experts in various fields.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.