1Российская академия наук, Москва, Россия 2 Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Москва, Россия 3 Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Романович Иван КонстантиновичСанкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева.
Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Москва, Россия 3 Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Санкт-Петербург, Россия Ключевые слова: радиационно-гигиенический паспорт организации, радиационно-гигиенический паспорт территории, источники ионизирующего излучения, радиационный объект, дозы облучения, радиоактивное загрязнение, радиационное обследование, радиационный контроль, удельная активность.
Introduction: School feeding is given particular importance all over the world as a factor ensuring food security and affecting socio-economic welfare and health of children. It is provided through an effective system of organization of school meals, which
monitoring and evaluation is always relevant.
Objective: A hygienic assessment of up-to-date organization of school nutrition in the Russian Federation.
Materials and methods: We analyzed monitoring data and results of control and supervisory activities carried out with respect to schools (n = 44,419) and public catering companies (n = 7,473) by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in the 2020 to 2021 academic year using methods of descriptive statistics.
Results: We established a rise of the hot meal coverage rate over the past decade up to 91.4 %, reaching 100.0 % among schoolchildren in grades 1-4 in a number of regions. The coverage with hot meals of the schoolchildren requiring special nutrition due to their health condition equaled 92.7 % in the Russian Federation as a whole. The evaluation of nutritional and biological values of school breakfasts and lunches showed that they generally covered the needs of a growing organism for vitamins A, B, and C, while a deficiency of vitamin D was noted.
Conclusion: The recognized importance of school meals in health maintenance of the general population indicates the necessity of their continuous monitoring, the study of regularities and features of physiology of a child, and supervision of effectiveness
of healthy school feeding.
Introduction. Currently, the problem of keeping schoolchildren healthy is acute. One of the leading risk factors for the health of schoolchildren is nutrition, in the organization of which much attention has recently been paid to the inclusion of special foods that help prevent diet-related diseases. The White Sea brown alga, Laminaria digitata, has been shown to be a natural source of bioactive compounds. However, the mechanisms of the kinetics of health-promoting effects during long-term dietary intake of Laminaria digitata are poorly studied which makes it difficult to solve practical problems in the use of products and dishes containing Laminaria digitata for health purposes. The purpose of this research is to study the biological effects of Laminaria digitata in a 28-day experiment in white Wistar rats to address practical issues of justifying food formulation and food processing for school nutrition, and to assess the risk of side effects. Materials and Methods. The study used dry concentrates of Laminaria digitata. The sample comprised white Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. The animals were examined on the 14th and 28th days of the experiment using standard methods. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the rules adopted in the European Convention for the Protection of Animals Used for Experimental Scientific Purposes (Strasburg, 1986), after approval by the Ethics Committee of Novosibirsk Research Hygiene Institute. The statistical processing of the research materials was performed using Statistica 10.0. Results. The analysis of the dynamics of the indicators showed the stages of the interaction process of the organism with bioactive substances contained in the brown alga Laminaria digitata. Strengthening of stress-protective, antihypercholesterolemic effects and metabolic function of the liver at the stage of primary reactions is replaced by a significant weakening at the stage of physiological adaptation. The bioavailability of a form of iodine accumulated by the brown algae Laminaria digitata has been experimentally confirmed. The assessment of biological significance consisted of classifying the effects manifested using benefit and safety criteria. Conclusions. Based on the results of the experiment, new knowledge was gained on the criteria for the usefulness and safety of Laminaria digitata algae, which can be used to solve practical problems of proving the quantitative values of the inclusion of Laminaria digitata as an ingredient in recipes and to solve practical problems with Laminaria digitata enriched food production technologies in the development of school meals, the inclusion of which in students' diets minimizes the risk of diet-related diseases.
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