The novelty of this study consists on the formulation and evaluation of five complex experimental natural photosensitizers (PS): gel with oregano essential oil (O), gel with methylene blue (AM), gel with a mixture of essential oils (Thieves-H), gel with arnica oil and curcuma extract (CU) and gel with frankincense essential oil (T), used as photosensitizing agents (PS) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the control of microbial biofilm in oral cavity. The experimental PS were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, cytotoxicity assay, antimicrobial effect and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR spectra of the experimental PS with essential oils exhibit absorption bands due to the presence of water and glycerol in high quantities. The studied compounds had a reduced cytotoxic effect on cell cultures. The lowest cytotoxic effect was observed in experimental PS with oregano essential oil and methylene blue PS. Essential oils with proven antibacterial capabilities used in experimental PS confer antibacterial activity to the gels in which they are incorporated, an activity that may be more efficient use of a PDT therapy. Single bacteria were detected mainly by SEM after 12 h, while aggregate bacteria and micro colonies dominated the samples at 48 h.
Chromatographic profile of volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) from several varieties of multifloral and unifloral honey produced in Transylvania, Romania, was analysed in order to determine the differences between them. VOCs collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique were analysed by gas-chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). The fiber used was Carboxen / PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) 75�m. By qualitative analysis, a number of 98 volatiles in unifloral honey and 52 volatiles in multifloral honey were identified. The differences regarding volatile compounds of multifloral honey were observed to be between varieties from different areas of Transylvania (mountain, plain, hill and urban area) while in the case of unifloral assortments (rapeseed, acacia, sunflower and linden) differences were observed at specific compounds. Compounds identified in our samples were grouped into main classes of substances: hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids and their esters, furan and pyran derivatives and terpenes.
The Galium verum herb, (Rubiaceae family) is well represented in the spontaneous Romanian flora. She is one of the most used plants in traditional medicine. Our research aimed to investigate the chemical volatile profile in fresh, dried and essential oil of Gallium verum using SPME and hydrodistillation techniques, followed by GC-MS analysis. Characterization of volatile compounds composition by SPME �GC-MS technique presented din this paper is the first study on fresh and dried of Galium verum plant to our knowledge. Galium verum fresh flower floral bouquet is given by monoterpenes (73,5%), sesquiterpenes (10,16%), esters (10,26%) and others(5.87%). The floral bouquet of Gallium verum dried flower, contains mainly: aldehydes (35.48%) monoterpenes (35.48%), alcohols (11.96%), sesquiterpenes, (3.71%), esters (3.14%) and others (10.11%). Sixty components were identified in the galium essential oil.
New synthesis of (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, the sex pheromone of the indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), were developed. The synthesis was based on a C8+C2=C10 and C10+C4=C14 coupling scheme. The route involves, as the key step, the use of the mercury derivative of the terminal-alkyne -functionalised as intermediate.The first coupling reaction took place between 1-tert-butoxy-8-bromo-octane and lithium acetylide-ethylendiamine complex obtaining 1-tert-butoxy-dec-9-yne, which is transformed in di[tert-butoxy-dec-9-yne]mercury.In the second coupling reaction, the mercury derivative was directly lithiated and then alkylated with (E)-1-bromo-2-butene obtaining 1-tert-butoxy-(9-yne,12E)-9,12-tetradecaenyne. After stereoselective reduction in the presence of NiP-2 catalyst and acetylation gave (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate with 82% isomeric purity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.