Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Medicinal Plant, Galium verum

Abstract

The Galium verum herb, (Rubiaceae family) is well represented in the spontaneous Romanian flora. She is one of the most used plants in traditional medicine. Our research aimed to investigate the chemical volatile profile in fresh, dried and essential oil of Gallium verum using SPME and hydrodistillation techniques, followed by GC-MS analysis. Characterization of volatile compounds composition by SPME �GC-MS technique presented din this paper is the first study on fresh and dried of Galium verum plant to our knowledge. Galium verum fresh flower floral bouquet is given by monoterpenes (73,5%), sesquiterpenes (10,16%), esters (10,26%) and others(5.87%). The floral bouquet of Gallium verum dried flower, contains mainly: aldehydes (35.48%) monoterpenes (35.48%), alcohols (11.96%), sesquiterpenes, (3.71%), esters (3.14%) and others (10.11%). Sixty components were identified in the galium essential oil.

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Estonian Galium Species

“…There were three volatile compounds, hexanal, anethole, β -caryophyllene, that were identified in all analysed samples (out of all compounds that made up more than 1.0% of total volatiles in a specific sample). According to the previous studies, these are all compounds that should be present in Galium species [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. It has previously been proven that anethole is effective against yeast, bacterial and fungal strains [ 52 , 53 ], and caryophyllene-rich oil has been reported to have high inhibitory activity against some fungi and bacteria [ 54 ].…”

“…In addition to non-volatile compounds, volatile phytochemicals are also known to possess many favourable biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects [ 41 , 42 ]. There are a few studies on the comparison of chemical volatile profiles of Galium species [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Ciotlaus et al analysed volatile compounds in Galium verum by SPME-GC-MS method using Carboxen/PDMS fibre coating and compared fresh and dried plant material [ 43 ].…”

“…There are a few studies on the comparison of chemical volatile profiles of Galium species [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Ciotlaus et al analysed volatile compounds in Galium verum by SPME-GC-MS method using Carboxen/PDMS fibre coating and compared fresh and dried plant material [ 43 ]. The major compounds identified in the floral bouquet of dried flower were hexanal, Z-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, eucalyptol, linalool, and camphor [ 43 ].…”

“…Ciotlaus et al analysed volatile compounds in Galium verum by SPME-GC-MS method using Carboxen/PDMS fibre coating and compared fresh and dried plant material [ 43 ]. The major compounds identified in the floral bouquet of dried flower were hexanal, Z-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, eucalyptol, linalool, and camphor [ 43 ]. According to the Green Analytical Chemistry and Green Sample Preparation principles, SPME-GC-MS analysis procedure should be preferable compared to traditionally used essential oil extraction methods, such as steam- or hydrodistillation paired with GC-FID analysis [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

An Investigation on the Antioxidant Capabilities, Chemical Analysis and Potential Green Applications of the Yellow Bedstraw (Galium Verum) Ethanol Extract

“…Any plant extract, as does Galium verum, besides phenolic compounds and avonoids, also contains polysaccharides, aldehydes, and alcohols (Akhtar et al, 2018;Ciotlaus et al, 2020;Bradic, et al, 2021) (Bradic, et al, 2021; Al-Sna , 2018; Mocan et al, 2019).…”