The paper presents the synthesis and characterization of new cobalt ferrite-lignin hybrids. The hybrids were obtained through the combustion of cobalt nitrate and ferric nitrate, two kinds of lignin being used as combustion agents. The temperatures of calcination were 500 °C and 900 °C, respectively. The hybrids were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetic properties were also assessed by vibrating sample magnetometer system (VSM). This facile synthesis method made it possible to obtain cobalt ferrite-lignin hybrids with a spinel structure. Their particle sizes and crystallite sizes have increased with an increment in the calcination temperature. A different occupancy of cations at octahedral and tetrahedral sites also occurred upon the increase in temperature. The hybrids comprising organic lignin presented the best magnetic properties.
The present work is focused on developing new eco-friendly materials based on xanthan gum (XG) and cobalt ferrite (CF) nanoparticles with adsorptive properties. CF powder was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Esterification of XG was performed in order to improve its hydrophobic character, resulting in xanthan acrylate (XGAC). Thin films were prepared and characterized. The influence of pH and materials' composition on their water uptake capacity was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the dye adsorption capacity of the materials. Materials comprising CF showed the highest values of dye removal percentage (up to 83%). The adsorption capacity of XGACCF for Methyl Blue (MB) was 65.56 mg g À1 , while the same material retained 63.35 mg g À1 of Basic Fuchsine (BF) dye solution. Equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to two (Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich) isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, and Elovich model. A spontaneous endothermic physisorption process was recorded for MB adsorption, while BF retention was evaluated as an exothermic process.
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