The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in February 2020, has radically changed the processes related to higher education. The main purpose of our study is to help scholar communities distinguish between educational approaches that seek to sustain the “unsustainable” and to identify the problems of lecturer–student interaction in the midst of the mass transition to distance learning and to find ways to solve them. The results of our research show that the transition to distance education during the pandemic took place; however, it highlighted a whole complex of problems connected with deterioration of emotional state and reduction of incentives to study. That might challenge the existing status quo, a revision of the principles of “Humboldt universities” and the birth of new forms of education. The study consists of three parts that allow analyzing the lecturer–student relations, as well as the management of the learning process. The first part analyzes the characteristics and attitudes towards distance education in different countries. The second part presents the results of students’ emotional state in two countries with different population restriction regimes. The third part is devoted to the study of students’ time planning in the distance-learning environment. We used the following methods to achieve the goals of the study: a questionnaire survey of students and lecturers, HADS (The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and self-timing method. The thesis about the “gameover” in universities education management is open for discussion by the scientific community.
This article is directed to the study of value and meaning attitudes as a factor of forming students' tolerant ethnic consciousness in the multicultural milieu of a higher education institution. The leading approach to research into this problem is the theoretical and methodological approach. The results of the theoretical analysis of tolerance as a social and psychological category are presented in the article. Personal values have been considered which are viewed as internal carriers of social regulation having rooted in the personality structure and they are genetic derivatives from the values of social groups and communities of various sizes. The conclusions have been drawn that tolerance is a complicated and multifaceted phenomenon comprising an attitude to the unification of different points of view for the purpose of attaining concord and which testifies to personal maturity that manifests itself in an orientation to the personal self-realization and preference for constructive strategies of coming out of stressful situations. Fostering tolerance should be viewed as an urgent, important task of forming a full-fledged person, needed and useful for society. Tolerance as a personality quality which is set against stereotypes and authoritarianism is considered to be required for successful adaptation to new intercultural, interreligious, interethnic conditions. Besides, it has been proved that personal values serving as internal carriers of social regulation rooted in the personality structure are genetic derivatives from the values of social groups and communities of a different scale. Selection, adoption and assimilation by an individual of social values are mediated by his social identity and values of small contact groups significant for him which can serve both as a catalyst and a barrier to the adoption of big social groups' values and also universal human values. The materials of the article are of practical value to psychologists-practitioners as well as staff members of educational institutions.
The importance of this study is determined by the fact that fundamental social and economic changes in contemporary Russian society have led to imbalance in the common system of values that forms the basis of a teacher's comprehensive world outlook. Under conditions of a constant development and change of the value priorities' nature the problem of forming a stable system of future specialists' value orientations that provides the foundation for cross-cultural communication in a democratic society is of current interest. In this connection, this article is directed towards the study of the development of university students' multicultural value orientations as a pressing problem of contemporary professional education. The leading approach to scientific research aimed at this specific problem is the theoretical and methodological approach that allows us to comprehensively consider the problem of developing future specialists' multicultural value orientations in a context of a higher education institution. It has been substantiated in the article that a key moment in the activity directed towards the development of students' multicultural value orientations is the identification of objectively existing difficulties in a value perception of another culture and transference to the category of goals, the attainment of which facilitates the development of multicultural value orientations. The materials of the article can be useful for psychologists-practitioners, social workers as well as staff members of educational institutions. L. V. Shukshina et al.876
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