Extracellular nanovesicles, particularly exosomes, can deliver their diverse bioactive biomolecular content, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, thus providing a context for investigating the capability of exosomes to induce stem cells toward lineage‐specific cells and tissue regeneration. In this study, it is demonstrated that rat subventricular zone neural stem cell‐derived exosomes (rSVZ‐NSCExo) can control neural‐lineage specification of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Microarray analysis shows that the miRNA content of rSVZ‐NSCExo is a faithful representation of rSVZ tissue. Through immunocytochemistry, gene expression, and multi‐omics analyses, the capability to use rSVZ‐NSCExo to induce hMSCs into a neuroglial or neural stem cell phenotype and genotype in a temporal and dose‐dependent manner via multiple signaling pathways is demonstrated. The current study presents a new and innovative strategy to modulate hMSCs fate by harnessing the molecular content of exosomes, thus suggesting future opportunities for rSVZ‐NSCExo in nerve tissue regeneration.
The purpose of the study was to scan the brain and related structures in sheep with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar reconstruction for defining the anatomical regions. Six adult sheep, three of six were male and three of six were female used as cadaver, were utilized in this research. Heads were scanned at 3 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Spin-Echo MRI devices using the human head coil. The processes were acquired in both T1 and T2 weighted slices and were reconstructed by using Leonardo workstation. The cranioencephalic structures and anatomical details were defined and labeled in all slice of 3 planes that were obtained 1 mm thickness sequential images in sagittal, frontal, and transversal planes. According to the MRI measurements obtained intracranially from the brain, the average value of length, height, and width of the brain were 87.1 ± 0.3, 46.8 ± 0.7, and 62.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. It was observed that in T1 weighted images were more effective to identify deep brain structures and anatomical details. On 3D reconstructed images obtained from the study can be used as a reference in head and brain MR scans in multidisciplinary studies where sheep are used as animal models.
Pilomatricoma is a benign adnexal skin neoplasm uncommonly reported in dogs. Three nodules surgically removed from the back of a 13-year-old female papillon dog at the Surgery Department of Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, formed the material of this study. The mass formation started six months earlier. Surgically resected nodules were sent to the Pathology Department of Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, for a detailed histopathological examination. Grossly, the nodules were 1x0,5x0,5 cm; 2x2x1 cm and 1x1x1 cm in diameter and covered with ulcerated skin. The masses were elastic in consistency with yellow-reddish cut sections. Histopathological examination revealed subcutaneous cystic structures surrounded by ghost cells or shadow cells and containing keratin filaments on the surface in all the nodules. The tumor was diagnosed according to the pilomatricoma chronological staging method used in human medicine as an early stage of pilomatricoma due to the presence of cystic structures and the absence of calcification and giant cells. This study is thought to assist by the definition of early lesion of canine pilomatricoma to the histopathological classification of pilomatricomas in canine species.
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