One of the factors hindering the development of upland rice cultivation among annual crops is the limited number of shade-tolerant upland rice varieties. It is very important to assemble shade-tolerant upland rice varieties with high yields. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of shade on the growth and productivity of five genotypes of upland rice. This research was carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, the Islamic University of North Sumatra with an altitude of 25 m above sea level, from June to December 2020. The research design was split-plot and repeated three times. The main plot of shade treatment consisted of two levels, namely no shade (0%) and shade treatment (70%). The sub-plots were seven rice genotypes consisted of five upland rice in Deli Serdang and two shade-tolerant varieties. Shade treatment affected the growth and productivity of five genotypes of upland rice in Deli Serdang District (Sialus, Arias, Ramos Merah, Silayur, and Sirabut) and two shadetolerant varieties (Rindang 1 and 2). Two genotypes of upland rice were obtained, namely Silayur and Sirabut which were more shade tolerant, based on flowering age, harvest age, and grain weight per clump. When compared with Rindang 1 and 2 varieties, the two genotypes of upland rice were the same or more tolerant.
Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is one of the bacteria that can increase plant growth [plant growth-promoting bacteria] by producing IAA [Indole-3-Acetic Acid]. S. plymuthica UBCF_13 is a strain of Andalas University Biotechnology Laboratory Collection which can produce IAA and increase the growth of Solanaceae plants. Optimization of culture media needs to be analyzed to increase IAA production on UBCF_13. Optimization can be done by adding tryptophan as a precursor, using various types of media, adding wall affecting agents, and certain metal ions. In this study, optimization was carried out by testing the type of media [TSB, NB, YM, and King’s B], adding tryptophan [0, 100, 200, 300 μg/mL], differences in pH [5, 6, 7, 8], giving wall affecting agent [SDS 0.1 μg / mL, EDTA 0.1 μg/mL], and metal ions [Ca, Fe, K, Mg at a concentration of 0.05% and 0.1%]. The highest IAA production was obtained in the combination treatment of YM media and tryptophan 300 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the treatment of differences in pH and wall affecting agents did not have a significant effect on the increase in the production of IAA UBCF_13. Testing of metal types on IAA production showed that calcium was able to increase the production of IAA UBCF_13 by 12-14 μg/mL. Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 produced the highest IAA on YM media combined with the addition of 300 μg/mL of tryptophan and 0.1% calcium ion.
Coffee is one of the most widely grown plantation crops in Indonesia. There are two types of coffee plants that are most widely cultivated, namely Robusta and Arabica which are distributed in several provinces including West Sumatra. Solok Regency is one of the coffee production centers in West Sumatra. Information regarding the genetic diversity of Arabica coffee that scattered in several locations is still not available. Due to this fact, the genetic diversity of coffee can be identified by DNA analysis. The DNA-based molecular marker that can be applied as a genetic marker of plants is SRAP. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of coffee by the SRAP marker system. Fifteen samples consisted of five varieties of Andungsari, Sigararutang, Kartika, Gayo, Sinar Harapan were collected from three locations namely Air Dingin, Subarang Danau, Simpang Tanjung Nan IV and amplified using 8 selected primary combinations. Diversity analysis was performed by POPGENE and NTSYS. The results showed that the average value of genetic diversity [H] between samples ranged from 0.2812-0.3638, while Shannon’s Information index [I] ranged from 0.4330-0.5346. The average number of polymorphic loci ranged from 19 to 23 with the percentage of polymorphic loci are ranging from 82.61% to 100%. Cluster analysis shows that there are three main clusters [I, II, III] where cluster I can be separated into four nodes, cluster II into three nodes, cluster III into five nodes. The SRAP molecular marker is effectively used to analyze molecular genetic diversity in the Arabica coffee population.
The growth and productivity of two the Water Spinach varieties [Kangkung Unggul BikaR and Kangkung Bangkok LP-1R] had already been an experiment on two different Hydroponic culture subsystems [Floating Raft and Pumice Bed] of an Aquaponic circulatory system, where mineral nutrients of the Water Spinach vegetables were absorbed from biochemical processes occurring in solid wastes of fish and excess feeds. Consequently, this study showed individual functions of these two different Hydroponic culture subsystems from new established dates no significant differences at the 7th test date, until increasingly significant difference for the Hydroponic culture subsystem of Floating Raft is less effective than Hydroponic system of Pumice Bed based on the height of shoot, length of petiole and width of leaf on the 14th test date and the height of shoot, length of petiole, length of leaf, the number of leaf and length of root on the 21st test date. Nonetheless, Hydroponic subsystems did not support the growth and productivity of the Water Spinach varieties in all stages of testing about statistical significance. In addition, in term of productivity criteria and growth criteria on the 7th, 14th and 21st dates of testing, no significant difference were observed between two Water Spinach varieties. Finally, the advice of the study does not choose the treatment [Floating Raft Hydroponic culture subsystem and Kangkung Unggul BikaR variety] due to the poor result for the height of the shoot, length of petiole and reality of yield of Kangkung Unggul BikaR variety are probably at the 21st test date.
Experiments aimed at examining the effect of aqueous extracts of three weed species on nodulation and nodule function of soybean cv. Melrose have been carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, University of New England, Australia. Aqueous extracts of fresh weed material (Amaranthus powellii, Cyperus rotundus and Paspalum dilatatum) at the concentration of 10% (w/v) were added to a minus-nitrogen Hoagland's nutrient solution in which the soybean plants were grown with 14 hours day length, day and night temperatures of 28 and 20°C, respectively, light intensity of 790 mol/m 2 /s, and the relative humidity of 65%. The plants were kept for three weeks prior to the measurement of activity of nitrogenase enzyme and ammonium content of the root nodules. All weed extracts tested resulted in impairment of soybean nodulation and nodule function as indicated by reduced activity of nitrogenase enzyme activity (acetylene reduction assay -ARA). Although amaranth extract was most inhibitory to the nitrogenase enzyme activity, it was less inhibitory than nutgrass extract in reducing the total ammonium content of the soybean root nodules.
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