Kekerasan berdasarkan jenis kelamin terutama kekerasan seksual, adalah suatu hal yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena berpotensi mengancam nyawa serius terutama bagi perempuan dan anak perempuan. Dijumpai banyak hal dalam bentuk kekerasan gender yang menjadi pembicaraan di dunia internasional, kekerasan berbasis gender adalah masalah internasional, karena ada relevansi nya dengan masalah kesehatan di masyarakat dan berhubungan erat dengan hak asasi bagi setiap manusia. Di Indonesia fakta menunjukkan masih dijumpai anak anak yang belum mendapatkan jaminan untuk pemenuhan hak mereka seperti misalnya masih dijumpai anak sebagai korban perlakuan tindak kekerasan, penelantaran, hingga terjadi eksploitasi dan diskriminasi hingga perbuatan yang tidak manusiawi. Pusat Data Krisis Terpadu Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta menunjukkan peringkat kasus kekerasan yaitu 226 kasus tahun 2000 menjadi 655 kasus pada tahun 2003, dari jumlah tersebut hampir 50% adalah korban kekerasan seksual dengan 47% korbannya adalah anak-anak dibawah usia 18 tahun. Faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kejadian kekerasan seksual anak ditinjau dari berbagai aspek. Pemeriksaan fisik dapat menguatkan anamnesis, tetapi kekerasan seksual jarang didiagnosa hanya berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisik dan temuan laboratorium saja, karena banyak jenis kekerasan seksual tidak meninggalkan bukti bekas dan sembuh dengan cepat dan sempurna.
The current coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the order of social life; the efforts made to tackle this pandemic have sometimes raised various obstacles related to norms, ethics and culture. An increased risk of COVID-19-associated mental disorders is found in many communities, causing excessive emotional reactions such as feelings of pressure, leading to unhealthy behavior. This situation confirms that health care providers have a key role in dealing with emotional disturbances that occur as a form of pandemic response. Public health emergencies can affect the health, safety and well-being of every individual as well as the social stigma in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Various mental health studies related to disasters have determined that emotional distress is widespread and can also be found in populations related to COVID-19. There are various kinds of risk factors that have an impact on health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, including social isolation, lack of support, and concerns about safety of family members. We included published, observational and experimental studies that reported the mental health effects on health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts made by policy holders, especially in the health sector, have greatly contributed to the response to the pandemic, but not all of them can run smoothly, several steps and policies in the health sector must involve many stakeholders in order to realize the expected efforts. The main purpose of this review paper was to not only focus on health workers, but include the communities in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.
The decrease level of vital capacity can be restriction, obstruction or both of them. Some factors, like non jobs and environment can lead the decrease level of vital capacity. The goals of this research is knowing all factors that have associated with vital capacity of street sweeper in Kecamatan Medan Denai. The research was conducted on September 2018. The factors of this research are work period, exposure period, mask utilization, employment history, disease history, smoking and sports habits. The total sample of this research are 67 workers. The method of this research was cross sectional. Data was collected by using research instruments such as peak flow meter and questionnaires. The results showed that workers with more than 5 years of service experienced a decrease in KVP as many as 62 people (92.5%) and workers who did not use masks decreased by 53 people (79.1%). Based on the results of statistical tests, it is known that the variables of working period and the use of masks are associated with a decrease in KVP. To reduce the decrease level of street sweeper’s vital capacity, it is recommended that workers are leave the workplace right after the job is done and use mask at work site all the time.
The emergence of nursing homes in the Middle Ages has introduced health programs specifically health care which occupy the largest proportion of nursing homes services. Nursing homes provide services, medical care, for injury problems, disability in sick patients and need services and medical care and rehabilitation. Many nursing providers provide good care, but in many other countries it guarantees nursing homes to individuals who are cared for but they are very inadequate, sometimes very surprising, the services provided actually accelerate their physical, mental, and emotional health deterioration. They often get rights violations and are even subject to physical abuse. This article discusses matters relating to history and psychiatric services for those who have become nursing home residents since 1990.
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