CO(2) LA and PDT are both effective therapy options for multiple AK, yet PDT seems to be superior in terms of AK reduction and participants' and investigators' overall satisfaction.

Abstract:Objectives Systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts remain activated even in the absence of exogenous stimuli. Epigenetic alterations are thought to play a role for this endogenous activation. Trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is regulated by Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) and ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX) in a therapeutically targetable manner. The aim of this study was to explore H3K27me3 demethylases as potential targets for the treatment of fibrosis.Methods JMJD3 was inactivated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown and by pharmacological inhibition with GSKJ4. The effects of targeted inactivation of JMJD3 were analysed in cultured fibroblasts and in the murine models of bleomycin-induced and topoisomerase-I (topoI)-induced fibrosis. H3K27me3 at the FRA2 promoter was analysed by ChIP. ResultsThe expression of JMJD3, but not of UTX, was increased in fibroblasts in SSc skin and in experimental fibrosis in a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-dependent manner. Inactivation of JMJD3 reversed the activated fibroblast phenotype in SSc fibroblasts and prevented the activation of healthy dermal fibroblasts by TGFβ. Pharmacological inhibition of JMJD3 ameliorated bleomycininduced and topoI-induced fibrosis in well-tolerated doses. JMJD3 regulated fibroblast activation in a FRA2-dependent manner: Inactivation of JMJD3 reduced the expression of FRA2 by inducing accumulation of H3K27me3 at the FRA2promoter. Moreover, the antifibrotic effects of JMJD3 inhibition were reduced on knockdown of FRA2. ConclusionWe present first evidence for a deregulation of JMJD3 in SSc. JMJD3 modulates fibroblast activation by regulating the levels of H3K27me3 at the promoter of FRA2. Targeted inhibition of JMJD3 limits the aberrant activation of SSc fibroblasts and exerts antifibrotic effects in two murine models.

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Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is an uncommon malignancy with a high incidence of cutaneous involvement, risk of leukemic dissemination, and poor prognosis. We report a 15-year-old boy with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm who was treated with acute myeloid leukemia-based polychemotherapy and subsequent allogenic stem cell transplantation.

CD30-positive primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) is an indolent type of cutaneous lymphoma with favourable clinical prognosis. Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) is a rare benign epithelial condition that can resemble invasive squamous cell carcinoma both clinically and histopathologically. PCH predominantly occurs in CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. We report a 75-year-old woman with PCH in a multifocal C-ALCL located on the scalp and right retroauricular area, which rapidly responded to treatment with psoralen ultraviolet A photochemotherapy. Comprehensive virological analyses for potential oncogenic viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-8, human papillomaviruses, the recently discovered cutavirus and nine different human polyomaviruses, were negative.

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Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accounting for less than 1% of all cutaneous lymphomas (Willemze et al., 2005). The skin, lungs, and central FIG URE 1 Clinical presentation of primary cutaneous intravascular B-cell lymphoma at first presentation in our institution. (a) Widespread, slightly indurated, partially violaceous and painful plaques are present on the patients left leg. (b) Complete remission of all skin lesions with R-CHOP chemotherapy followed by rituximab monotherapy