CD30-positive primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with coexistent pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia

Abstract

CD30-positive primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL) is an indolent type of cutaneous lymphoma with favourable clinical prognosis. Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) is a rare benign epithelial condition that can resemble invasive squamous cell carcinoma both clinically and histopathologically. PCH predominantly occurs in CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. We report a 75-year-old woman with PCH in a multifocal C-ALCL located on the scalp and right retroauricular area, which rapidly responded to treatment with psoralen ultraviolet A photochemotherapy. Comprehensive virological analyses for potential oncogenic viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-8, human papillomaviruses, the recently discovered cutavirus and nine different human polyomaviruses, were negative.

A Treatment-Refractory, Perianal Tumor Arising in an Otherwise Healthy Older Adult Woman

“…CD30-positive primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an indolent form of cutaneous lymphoma that can display pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, mimicking SCC and herpes vegetans. CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders are the second most common group of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas; however, pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia is rare, with fewer than 50 cases reported . It typically presents as a solitary nodule or plaque with a hyperkeratotic and ulcerated surface on a person’s trunk or face.…”

“…Immunostaining with CD30 is positive in the large atypical lymphocytes. Treatment with excision and radiotherapy portends a good prognosis with a 10-year disease-related survival rate of greater than 90% …”

Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia Masquerading as a Well-Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated With Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma

“…1 Occasionally, intense PCH may obscure the underlying lymphoproliferative disease or be confused with a keratoacanthoma, well-differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and even poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma because of similar clinical and histological features. [2][3][4] Histologic features characteristic of PCH include prominent hyperkeratosis at the level of the infundibulum extending down into the dermis and irregular acanthosis. 2,4,5 Keratinocytes may demonstrate atypia and increased mitotic activity.…”

“…[2][3][4] Histologic features characteristic of PCH include prominent hyperkeratosis at the level of the infundibulum extending down into the dermis and irregular acanthosis. 2,4,5 Keratinocytes may demonstrate atypia and increased mitotic activity. 4 The pathophysiology underlying the connection between PCH and cutaneous lymphomas remains unknown, although the growth factors such as EGF, FGF-5, HGF, and IGF are all known to stimulate keratinocytes to proliferate.…”

Rare Presentation of Hypoglycemia in a Patient with Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma

“…This tumor is most commonly found in children and constitutes about 40% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among children with a greater percentage found among males than females [ 2 ]. There is no definitive etiology of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; however, Epstein–Barr virus has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease, mainly in immunocompromised patients and among cases that occur in Asian countries [ 4 ]. Two clinical types have been recognized including localized cutaneous tumors or systematic neoplasms [ 5 ].…”