Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and cervical lymph nodes constitute the most common site of involvement. The proportion of extra pulmonary patients has been increasing for the last two decades. Presented are 3 consecutive female patients aged 32, 50, and 68 years that presented to a surgical unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Two patients presented with lesions located in the anterior triangle of the neck, while the third had bilateral lesions located in the posterior triangle of the neck. All were referrals without prior diagnosis of tuberculosis. Diagnosis was by cytology and histology. Notable associations were miliary tuberculosis and anaemia. Provision of appropriate and effective prevention modalities, diagnostic facilities, and effective surveillance from the primary to the tertiary health facilities for early detection and treatment of the disease is advocated.
Chronic peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults is an indication of pathology of which tuberculosis is the commonest in the developing countries. Presented is a 36-year-old with a huge chronic Submental lymphadenopathy in a seronegative patient of 7 years duration. Histology revealed non-caseating tuberculosis. Tuberculosis should be considered in Submental lymphadenopathy. Despite the long duration, the absence of cold abscess, and or sinus formation may be an indication of the non-caseating tuberculous lymphadenopathy.
The struggle to save humankind from hunger and starvation through the improvement of agricultural productivity using agrochemicals has gone a long way to settle an aspect of these challenges, but its social, health and ecological implication has always almost been forgotten. Due to man's indiscriminate land use/farming activities and the use of agrochemicals without adhering strictly to the user instructions included in the agrochemical package, this has affected man in no small way. This is so because of man's unregulated agricultural activities coupled with his faulty land use pattern. This has affected both the natural ecosystem and the agricultural farm produce thereby turning round to affect the health of man, his environment and his finances too. This paper therefore investigated the effect of these agrochemicals on health, environment and the social aspects. This research is therefore located within the northern senatorial district of Cross River State, which covers Ogoja, Yala, Bekwarra, Obudu and Obanliku local government areas. A total of 638 respondents including farmers, nurses, medical doctors and other laboratory scientists within the study area were randomly selected for the study using multistage random sampling technique. The instruments for the study include a structured questionnaire, personal interview and client case file, using independent t-test and simple percentage for data analysis, it was found that within the period the rural farmers started using these agrochemicals especially herbicides and those for crop storage, there has been an increase in the incidence of cancer growth, gastro-intestinal disorder and other health and birth complications within the study zone. These effects did not only affect the health of humans, it also affected
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