Electronic banking (e-banking) is a form of banking in which funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signals along to the traditional banking process as the exchange of cash, checks, or other types of paper documents. Moreover, the general tendencies of the Iraqi government in line with other countries to adopt e-banking and provide e-services to customers. However, the determinants of e-banking services need to investigate to determine the variables affecting the rate of such adoption. Thus, the main aim of this study is to identify the determinants of e-banking services in Iraq. Hence, this study gives an investigation using the technology acceptance model (TAM) by selecting a sample for many Iraqi banks' customers and staff to determine the determinants of user acceptance of e-banking. A preliminary study was conducted to empirically determine the user acceptance determinants of e-banking. For data collection, a quantitative method was used represented by the questionnaire. The selected sample for the investigation is 200 (customers and staff). Several methods have used for data analysis such as hierarchical regression, one-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics, t-test as well as structural equation modeling (SEM). The obtained outcomes show there are several determinants of e-banking services in Iraq that have determined in this study. Moreover, this study confirms the overcoming of those determinants will give a highly positive impact on e-banking services.

Recently, with the emergence and growth of the IoT as a promising vehicle for sustainable development, the concept of ‘smart cities’ has advanced significantly. However, many challenges inhibit the development of using IoT applications in smart cities, such as issues of privacy, scalability, trust, security, and centralisation. On a daily basis in smart cities, the IoT generates a large amount of data (big data) which could potentially be used for questionable or suspect purposes by attackers. The weight of the security issues surrounding big data must be acknowledged as the associated technology is continuously developing. To solve this issue, a strategy that secures important and potentially sensitive user information on a distributed blockchain and transmits non-sensitive information to the primary system by controlling the size of the blockchain is proposed. This solution cannot be achieved in traditional blockchain because it requires too many resources. The model is composed of three proposed algorithms: the first aims to allocate data to each user; the second performs the process of searching for data, and the third confirms the communication process. Experiments have proved that this proposed protocol for blockchain has excellent byzantine fault tolerance. The final experimental results of the proposed model established that the algorithms effectively meet the performance requirements.

Conventional usability measurement methods for measuring web applications are costly, sometimes time-consuming, and may require professionals. The frameworks, methods, approaches, and tools in which web applications are designed can fully support these limitations. The main issue is to speed up the evaluation process of websites in an effortless manner. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes an instrument that can use for measuring the usability of web applications (IMUW-APP). A systematic literature review was utilized to determine the instrument dimensions and their items. The validity and reliability test were conducted via face and content validity, goodness testing, and pilot study. Cronbach's Alpha, factor loading, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, and Barlett's test were +calculated to ensure the validity and reliability of the proposed instrument. In the light of our analyses, the obtained findings indicate that the proposed instrument (IMUWAPP) is workable and can adapt. Besides, a case study is used to verify the proposed instrument to evaluate a university website. The collecting data have been analyzed and visualized. Ultimately, the overall findings have highlighted.

Business intelligence is a collection of methodologies, methods, architectures, and technologies that convert raw data into significant and useful information used by organizations to enable more effective strategic, tactical, and operational insights and decision-making.  In spite of several studies have examined the critical success factors and development of business intelligence System, but few relevant studies have investigated perceptions of end-users Business Intelligence Systems. Furthermore, none of those studies was performed in a Higher Education Sector in Iraq. Consequently, the study aims to determine the business intelligence system features influencing perceived impact end users’ and of using business intelligence systems in Iraqi educational institutes. A technology acceptance model and technology organization environment framework were syntheses as a basis to develop a research model for business intelligence users' perceived impact and adopt of business intelligence systems named (SMUPI-BIS). Later, an online instrument (questionnaire) was designed to gather data from the business intelligence system users in five Iraqi universities. Twenty-one hypotheses were proposed and later tested. Then, for data analysis, the authors used several methods such as hierarchical regression, one-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics as well as structural equation modeling (SEM). The main outcomes of this study suggest that decision support, information quality, and real-time reporting are the most significant system characteristics influencing end users' perceived impact and their usage of business intelligence systems.

Currently, the core trend of Higher Education Institutes (HEI) to invest in decision support systems (DSS) to improve their decision-making process. Due to technology emergence, HEI has been experiencing noteworthy changes. Many techniques such as DSS been adopted developed and implemented to support the educational process. Even though DSS has adopted and invested mainly in most sectors, a lack of research in investigating confirmed, the influencing factors on the intention of stakeholders to continue to use them. Consequently, the purpose of the study is to examine postadoption users' satisfaction and users' intention to continue using DSS. This study combining two theoretical models, the Technology Acceptance Model, and The Technology Organization Environment Framework, to examine users' intentions to continue using DSS. The data collection process has conducted using 240 respondents, who belong to HEI institutions (Academia and management staff), who work on DSS. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized to analyze structural relationships among the proposed model's factors. The authors used several methods such as hierarchical regression, oneway ANOVA, descriptive statistics, as well as t-test have applied to evaluate the model's components' relevancy, understanding, and pertinence to each other. The result shows the proposed model fits the data and had a good explanation than the existing models. On the other hand, the results show the importance of equipping DSS with real-time support because they have positive repercussions in the decision-making process The implications as well as the limitations of this study have been extensively discussed.