E-learning provides students with the possibility of accessing, repeating, and using learning materials wherever and whenever they want. The philosophy of e-learning is not to replace the conventional learning process; it instead provides a new method and approach that offers opportunities for much faster delivery of knowledge. Teachers and students are the most significant actors in the process of educational transformation, and technology acceptance is measured by positive reactions from users based on their utilisation of technology to support those assignments designed for such purposes. In higher education institutions in Iraq, the use of e-learning has become compulsory and there is thus a critical need to study student and teacher behaviours in response to this. Accordingly, this paper undertakes an investigation based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine academics’ and students’ acceptance of and adoption of e-learning in university education in their roles as universities’ main actors. This paper focuses on teachers and students with no background in ICT, investigating their acceptance of e-learning as a learning method. A seven-point Likert scale questionnaire was systematically developed, validated, and used as a data collection instrument with 450 students and 75 university lecturers from two separate colleges. A clustering sampling method was used in the sampling selection process, and several hypotheses were proposed and tested via the paired T-test. The paper’s outcomes can be classified into three categories: it helps to determine to what extent e-learning is accepted by non-expert users; it provides evidence of new factors that influence application of e-learning, extending the TAM model; and, finally, it provides meaningful recommendations for higher education institutions to utilise before adopting e-learning to maximise acceptance. In particular, the results indicate that academics’ and students’ intention to use e-learning is positively influenced by both perceived usefulness and perceived ease to use.
Ventricular late potentials (VLPs) are considered as a noninvasive marker of patients with myocardial infarction, who are prone to the development of ventricular tachycardia. This paper investigates the effects of variations in physical properties of myocardial infarcts in terms of their effects on the parametric variations in VLP analysis. A sufficiently large set of signals underlining the behavior of physical parameters was employed to represent the effect of physical size, position, orientation and type of infarct. The approximated signals are variations from real electrocardiography signals by adding potentials representing late potentials based on duration, frequency, amplitude and position. The aim is not to exactly model VLP but rather to generate an approximate set of signals to examine the performance of the standard methods for different possibilities in infarct dynamics. We investigate some of the detection approaches together with their related assumptions, and try to pinpoint the drawbacks and inaccuracies of these methods and also their assumptions. The three widely accepted criteria--QRS duration, root-mean-square and duration of the signal at the end of QRS for VLP detection--were used in the investigation. Results from the application of these parameters to the set of signals are presented. In addition we investigate the physical nature of an infarct and list a number of possible reasons that might be the cause of a low success rate for the detection of additive potentials. To improve the performance of the common methods, two more wavelet transform parameters are added to those of the standard methods. The method derived from this analysis is presented as an alternative means for the detection of late signals named as delayed potentials, a more general class that includes VLP as a subset.
Electronic banking (e-banking) is a form of banking in which funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signals along to the traditional banking process as the exchange of cash, checks, or other types of paper documents. Moreover, the general tendencies of the Iraqi government in line with other countries to adopt e-banking and provide e-services to customers. However, the determinants of e-banking services need to investigate to determine the variables affecting the rate of such adoption. Thus, the main aim of this study is to identify the determinants of e-banking services in Iraq. Hence, this study gives an investigation using the technology acceptance model (TAM) by selecting a sample for many Iraqi banks' customers and staff to determine the determinants of user acceptance of e-banking. A preliminary study was conducted to empirically determine the user acceptance determinants of e-banking. For data collection, a quantitative method was used represented by the questionnaire. The selected sample for the investigation is 200 (customers and staff). Several methods have used for data analysis such as hierarchical regression, one-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics, t-test as well as structural equation modeling (SEM). The obtained outcomes show there are several determinants of e-banking services in Iraq that have determined in this study. Moreover, this study confirms the overcoming of those determinants will give a highly positive impact on e-banking services.
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