Most major cities in Malaysia face problems of clean and safe water supply. The blame is on the population boom, industrialisation, pollution plus climate change. It becomes more complicated with uncontrolled usage, public’s ignorance and ineffective water management. These problems have led to higher dependencies towards alternative usage of groundwater to serve the needs of public, agricultural sector and the industries. Groundwater usage must be abstracted sustainably to avoid short and long term effects. This exploratory qualitative study analyses several aspects: (a) existing documents on Malaysian water management (b) documents on Malaysian groundwater governance; (c) applications and enforcements of groundwater governance in states. The analyses are essential in recognising and providing appropriate and effective groundwater governance towards higher consumption in the country especially in industrial sector. Early finding reveals the current groundwater governance lack good management and there are legal vacuums. This paper promotes appropriate groundwater governance and management of policies and strategies at both federal and state level, relevant agencies, stakeholders and local communities in ensuring sustainable groundwater resources usage in Malaysia.
A study to determine the Water Quality Index (WQWQII) of Sungai Langat was conducted in which 10 sampling stations were selected. Water quality samples were taken according to the standard methods recommended by the American Public Health Association (APHA) and manual HATCH for the lab tests. The measurements done on site were to obtain reading parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels using the meter YSI 556 MPS. Laboratory analysis was conducted to get parameter readings such as total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N). All the parameters tested were the sub index needed in the calculation of the water quality classification. River classification is done according to the National Water Quality Index (WQS). The Pearson statistical correlation analysis was carried out to show the relationship between the sub-index parameter of (0.01) and the sampling stations for all parameters studied. Stations 1 and 2 were categorized in class I with an average value of (93.55 ± 2.27) and (92.56± 2.54) respectively. Station 3 recorded an average WQI reading of (91.55 ± 2.33) in class II while stations 4 to 10 recorded readings from (76.03 ± 4.72) to (68.60 ± 4:51) in class III. Generally the results show that the Water Quality Index from the sampling stations are categorized between classes I to III.
The spreading of Covid19 as a global pandemic has tested countries around the world at many levels. From mental strength to economic resiliency and far stretching to include legality of issues. A year later, the world is still not in a better place. Malaysia, like others are fighting the thirds waves of the pandemic, believed to be more fatal than before. From March 2020 until to date, Malaysians have been placed under complete lockdown before that order was relaxed and tighten again when the numbers of infected patients and deaths skyrocketed. Now Malaysia is placed under emergency order and law. Strangely the emergency order is issued while the complete and conditional Movement Control Orders (MCO) are still in effect. Since an emergency is a situation where the country could not be managed under regular administrative system, it is important to know which parties that are majorly involved in currently running the country to fight Covid19 has the overriding power over the others, what are their rights or limitations. Between the emergency order, complete MCO and conditional MCO, which one should be prioritized and how long would Malaysia remain under emergency? The answer could be found by studying the sphere of influences in the public policy domain. The article is qualitative in nature; data is collected from legal documents, judicial precedents and article writings. The sphere of influences during emergency time is more complex than usual. The legislative and executive powers are concentrated to one or two party(s) with enormous authorities and expansive jurisdictions.
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