Abstract. Kurnia I, Arief H, Mardiastuti A, Hermawan R. 2021. The potential of bird diversity in the urban landscape for birdwatching in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1701-1711. Birdwatching is a recreational activity of observing birds in the wild with the naked eye¸ using tools such as telescopes and binoculars, or listening to bird sounds. The observation locations can be either natural landscape or urban landscapes with bird diversity. However, the dominance of built spaces and man-made vegetation differed from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds found in the urban landscape. This paper aimed to analyze bird diversity in urban landscapes and their potential for birdwatching. The research was conducted from February to April 2020 in five cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya). Bird data were taken using the IPA method and were carried out in 85 green open spaces. Total bird species found were 75 species, with the largest number found in Bogor (66 species), followed by Surabaya (36 species), Bandung (28 species), Sukabumi (26 species), and Yogyakarta (19 species). The locations with the highest species richness in each city are Bogor Botanical Gardens (53 species), Cikundul Agrotourism Area Sukabumi (18 species), Bandung Zoological Garden (21 species), Gembira Loka Zoo (14 species), and Pakal City Forest Surabaya (20 species). Commonly seen bird species are dominated by generalist species typical of urban landscapes (e.g., Collocalia linchi, Passer montanus, and Pycnonotus aurigaster). Bird species richness has a positive correlation with the local area and habitat diversity. A total of 74 bird species are resident species that can be found throughout the year as birdwatching objects. Only one species are migrant species namely Merops philippinus.
Burung adalah komponen unik ekosistem yang dapat dijumpai di berbagai lanskap termasuk lanskap pedesaan. Dominasi kegiatan pertanian menjadi ciri lanskap ini. Kecamatan Sukmakmur Kabupaten Bogor merupakan lanskap pedesaan yang belum pernah terdapat publikasi berkaitan dengan ornitologi di wilayah ini. Peran penting burung serta manfaatnya bagi lingkungan, menjadikannya alasan penting untuk melakukan penelitian yang terkait dengan keanekaragaman jenis burung di suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman jenis burung di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Maret sampai Mei 2021 di delapan tipe habitat yaitu hutan sengon, hutan akasia, kebun campuran, semak belukar, padang rumput, sawah, danau, dan sungai. Data burung diambil dengan metode IPA berukuran diameter 40 meter selama 10 menit. Data habitat diambil dengan mendeskripsikan kondisi vegetasi yang dominan. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk status jenis burung, sementara data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan chi-square, indeks keanekaragaman jenis, dan indeks kemerataan. Keanekaragaman jenis burung yang dijumpai sebanyak 35 jenis dari 22 suku dan 10 ordo tersebar di seluruh tipe habitat. Seluruh jenis burung merupakan catatan baru ornitologi untuk Kecamatan Sukamakmur. Enam jenis burung termasuk dilindungi perundangan Indonesia dan dua jenis termasuk dalam Daftar Apendiks CITES. Satu jenis burung yaitu Ayamhutan hijau (Gallus varius) termasuk jenis unik yang tidak dijumpai pada wilayah lain yang berdekatan sehingga menjadi ciri jenis burung di lanskap pedesaan Kecamatan Sukamakmur. Jenis burung paling banyak ditemukan di habitat kebun campuran dan padang rumput (25 jenis burung), sementara yang paling sedikit adalah habitat sawah (tujuh jenis burung). Tiga jenis burung dapat ditemukan di seluruh tipe habitat. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung tertinggi di habitat sungai (H’=2,71) dan terendah di habitat hutan sengon (H’=1,67). Nilai indeks kemerataan jenis burung tertinggi di habitat hutan akasia (E=0,97) dan terendah di habitat sawah (E=0,70).
The success of urban ecotourism in tourism villages requires community participation, both in developing tourism activities and businesses and in tourism management. The research aims to analyze three aspects, namely natural and cultural potential, the obstacles faced by the community in managing tourism villages, and the potential for community participation in managing tourism villages. The research was conducted in two tourism villages located in the center of Bogor City, namely Pulo Geulis Village and Labirin Village. Primary data was collected by distributing questionnaires to community respondents and analyzed descriptively using the Kruskal Wallis test. The study shows that cultural potential is more likely to be utilized in an effort to improve the community's economy and attract tourist visits. Community participation is still limited to Kompepar membership and food and beverages providers. The low participation is strongly suspected because the income derived from the tourism business is still unable to meet daily needs. Continuous coaching and increasing synergy between communities in tourism villages is an important thing to do to increase community participation in tourism development.
Birdwatching is one of nature recreations focusing on enjoying the wild birds. This activity is a hobby that continuously develops and has high economical value, besides beneficial related to conservation. A study of birdwatching in Indonesia is only focused on a bird potential supply concept in various locations without any demand study. A demand study is expected to become the basic of birdwatching management following the birdwatcher desire. This study aimed to analyze the birdwatcher characteristics in Indonesia on demographical, experience, motivation, and preference aspects. The study was performed on February to April, 2020 using online questionnaire distributed to Indonesian birdwatchers. The respondents who completely filled or nearly filled the questionnaire were 1257 birdwatchers. The respondent demographic is dominated by male, adolescent and early adult, living in the city, high educational background, and conservation organization member. The birdwatching experience is dominated by less than 3 hours activity. The protected area becomes the most-visited location by birdwatchers followed by the urban landscape. Bird identification is mostly carried out through visuals rather than through sounds. The most commonly used equipment is the bird fieldguide and binoculars.
Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are insects with an important role for biological control and environmental quality indicators. Odonata are scattered in various types of habitats, especially those associated with freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this research is to study the diversity of odonata in various habitat types in Leuwiliang District, Bogor Regency. The study was conducted on 10 habitat types with a total of 1289 observation lines. In total found 23 species of odonatan from eight families and two sub-orders. The highest species richness was found in stream water habitats (22 species) and the lowest in field habitats (five species). The chi-square test for the number of species and the number of individuals differed significantly between habitat types. The species diversity index ranged from 1.23-2.24 and the similarity index ranged from 0.39-0.71. The highest community similarity index was between lakes habitats and field habitats. The results of the MDS analysis resulted in three groups of odonata communities according to their habitat type.
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