A proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against trypsin-like serine proteinases was purified from seeds of the tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) by gel filtration on Shephacryl S-200 followed by a reverse-phase HPLC Vidac C18 TP. The inhibitor, called the tamarind trypsin inhibitor (TTI), showed a Mr of 21.42 kDa by mass spectrometry analysis. TTI was a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.7 x 10(-9) M. In vitro bioinsecticidal activity against insect digestive enzymes from different orders showed that TTI had remarkable activity against enzymes from coleopteran, Anthonomus grandis (29.6%), Zabrotes subfasciatus (51.6%), Callosobruchus maculatus (86.7%), Rhyzopertha dominica(88.2%), and lepidopteron, Plodia interpuncptella (26.7%), Alabama argillacea (53.8%), and Spodoptera frugiperda (75.5%). Also, digestive enzymes from Diptera, Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly), were inhibited (52.9%). In vivo bioinsecticidal assays toward C. capitata and C. maculatus larvae were developed. The concentration of TTI (w/w) in the artificial seed necessary to cause 50% mortality (LD50) of larvae was 3.6%, and that to reduce mass larvae by 50.0% (ED50) was 3.2%. Furthermore, the mass C. capitata larvae were affected at 53.2% and produced approximately 34% mortality at a level of 4.0% (w/w) of TTI incorporated in artificial diets.

A elaboração de cardápios saudáveis sob a ótica da produção sustentável é uma tendência mundial entre gestores de serviços de alimentação. O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar uma ferramenta de avaliação para setor de alimentação coletiva, no que diz respeito à produção de refeições e cardápios sustentáveis. Utilizou-se como embasamento científico revisão de literatura nacional e internacional sobre sustentabilidade em serviços de alimentação, e elaborou-se um questionário de verificação. Este questionário foi aplicado em uma UAN institucional e constatou-se conformidade em 70,3% dos itens avaliados. Destacou-se o desenvolvimento de ações relacionadas a geração de resíduos sólidos e a oferta de variedade das escolhas alimentares, embora, não tenha sido realizada auditoria energética e as refeições não apresentarem adequação total quanto à qualidade nutricional. Diante da relevância e escassez de estudos com propostas de avaliação de cardápios sustentáveis que auxiliem gestores, alunos e professores para aplicação de práticas voltadas para a sustentabilidade, sobretudo visando o atendimento legal vigente, o questionário desenvolvido auxiliará estes profissionais para uma gestão contemporânea, facilitando a implantação de ações sustentáveis na produção de refeições. A relevância do tema e escassez de trabalhos que apresentem ferramentas que propiciem adoção de práticas sustentáveis na produção de refeições ressaltam a importância de mais estudos voltados para esta temática. O instrumento desenvolvido nesta pesquisa é de fácil aplicação e contempla as recomendações mundiais da Associação Americana de Nutricionistas, desta forma, almeja-se que seja utilizado por profissionais dos serviços de alimentação visando adoção de ações sustentáveis na produção de refeições. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Cardápios sustentáveis, unidades de alimentação e nutrição, atitudes. METHODOLOGY OF EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE MENU FOR FOOD SERVICES ABSTRACTThe elaboration of healthy menus from sustainable perspective production is a worldwide and imminent trend among professional food service managers. The objective of the study was to elaborate an evaluation tool for collective and commercial food services, in relation to the production of sustainable meals and menus. A review of national and international literature on sustainability in food services was used as a scientific basis. A verification questionnaire was developed. This questionnaire was applied in a collective food service and compliance was verified in 70.3% of the items. It was highlighted the development of actions such as the audit of solid waste and the variety of food choices, although no energy audit was performed and meals did not present adequate nutritional quality. In view of the relevance and scarcity of studies with proposals for evaluation of sustainable menus that assist the activities of managers of food and nutrition units regarding compliance with actions related to sustainability, above all to comply with current legal aspects, the questionnaire developed will have an impact...

The objective of this study was to assess whether the Brazilian Workers’ Food Program (WFP) is associated with changes in the nutritional status of workers in the transformation industry. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, comparative study, based on prospectively collected data from a combined stratified and two-stage probability sample of workers from 26 small and medium size companies, 13 adherent and 13 non-adherent to the WFP, in the food, mining and textile sectors. Study variables were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and dietary intake at lunch obtained by 24-hour dietary recall. Data were analyzed with nested mixed effects linear regression with adjustment by subject variables. Sampling weights were applied in computing population parameters. The final sample consisted of 1069 workers, 541 from WFP-adherent and 528 from WFP non-adherent companies. The groups were different only in education level, income and in-house training. Workers in WFP-adherent companies have greater BMI (27.0 kg/m2 vs. 26.0 kg/m2, p = 0.002) and WC (87.9 cm vs. 86.5, p = 0.04), higher prevalence of excessive weight (62.6% vs. 55.5%, p<0.001) and of increased WC (49.1% vs. 39.9%). Workers of WFP companies have lower intake of saturated fat (–1.34 g, p<0.01) and sodium (–0.3 g, p<0.01) at lunch. In conclusion, this study showed that workers of companies adherent to the Brazilian WFP have greater rates of excessive weight and increased cardiovascular risk—a negative finding—as well as lower intake of sodium and saturated fat—a positive finding. Therefore, the WFP needs to be revisited and its aims redefined according to the current epidemiological status of the target population of the program.

Motivations for food choices may determine consumption, and understanding that relationship may help direct strategies for formulating diets. This study aimed to identify associations between motivations for food choices and consumption of food groups. An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted in 921 manufacturing workers from 33 companies in Brazil, based on a stratified two-stage probability sample. Motivations for food choices were assessed with the Food Choice Questionnaire, and intake of food groups was measured using 24-h dietary recall. Consumption was classified into 31 food groups defined according to their nutritional value and the NOVA classification. Data were analyzed with multilevel mixed-effects regression. The results showed that sensory appeal and price were the most important motivations for food choices, while ethical concern was less important. Sensory appeal was positively associated with consumption of industrialized condiments (p = 0.022), price showed a negative correlation with consumption of plant oils (p = 0.022), ethical concern showed positive correlation within consumption white meat (p = 0.065) and negative correlation within pasta dishes (p < 0.001). Regarding the NOVA classification, health correlated with an increase in consumption of unprocessed foods (p = 0.017) and weight control with a decrease in consumption of processed culinary ingredients (p = 0.057).

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Background The Brazilian Workers Food Program (WFP) is a public policy program of nutritional assistance to workers, with the main objective of improving nutritional conditions, which was implemented 40 years ago and serves over 21.4 million workers. Objectives To compare the long-term change in anthropometric indicators of the nutritional status and dietary intake between workers of manufacturing industries adherent to and non-adherent to the WFP. Methods A prospective cohort study, based on a combined stratified and multistage probability sampling, was carried out, with two waves with a 4-year interval. The change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and dietary intake at lunch by the 24-hour recall method were compared between groups with analysis of covariance. Results A total of 273 workers in 16 industries from an initial cohort of 1069 workers in 26 industries of the State of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil were evaluated in the two waves. The mean age was 37±10 years and 53.1% were male, with no differences between groups in age and sex distribution. BMI increased in both groups (0.44 kg/m2 in non-WFP, p = 0.003, and 0.56 kg/m2 in WFP, p = 0.0006) and WC increased in the WFP group (1.50 cm, p = 0.0006). BMI change over time did not show statistical differences between groups (p = 0.54) but WC had

A escola é um espaço privilegiado para se trabalhar o conceito de alimentação saudável. Com a finalidade de contribuir para a realização de práticas pedagógicas relacionadas à temática “Alimentação e Nutrição” em uma comunidade pesqueira, foi ofertado aos professores da localidade o curso “Formação do Formador em Educação Nutricional”. O objetivo deste trabalho foi refletir sobre a importância do curso como promotor do pensamento reflexivo e desencadeador de mudanças nas ações dos educadores participantes. A coleta de material se deu por meio da observação e dos registros dos escritos e enunciações elaborados pelos participantes. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo e duas categorias emergiram: reflexão-ação na alimentação e reflexão-ação na prática pedagógica. Os resultados mostraram que a realização desse curso proporcionou aos professores a aquisição de novos conhecimentos em relação à alimentação saudável, propiciando alterações em suas vidas pessoal e profissional. Foi concluído que: 1) esses novos conhecimentos alimentaram, nos professores, o desejo de realizar mudanças na vida pessoal e de incluir em suas práticas pedagógicas o conceito de alimentação saudável; 2) o trabalho de formação permanente é importante e deve estender-se a toda comunidade escolar e à família para um apoio ao trabalho do professor; 3) a reflexão-ação é uma via importante para a formação de professores para o trabalho com a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável nas Escolas (PASE).

Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic non-communicable diseases, being closely related to Diabetes Mellitus. Computer modeling techniques favor the understanding of interaction mechanisms between specific targets and substances of interest, optimizing drug development. In this article, the protocol of two protocols of systematic reviews are described for identifying therapeutic targets and models for treating obesity or diabetes mellitus investigated in silico. The protocol is by the guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Protocols (PRISMA-P) and was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (PROSPERO: CRD42022353808). Search strategies will be developed based on the combination of descriptors and executed in the following databases: PubMed; ScienceDirect; Scopus; Web of Science; Virtual Health Library; EMBASE. Only original in silico studies with molecular dynamics, molecular docking, or both will be inserted. Two trained researchers will independently select the articles, extract the data, and assess the risk of bias. The quality will be assessed through an adapted version of the Strengthening the Reporting of Empirical Simulation Studies (STRESS) and the risk of bias using a checklist obtained from separate literature sources. The implementation of this protocol will result in the elaboration of two systematic reviews identifying the therapeutic targets for treating obesity (review 1) or diabetes mellitus (review 2) used in computer simulation studies and their models. The systematization of knowledge about these treatment targets and their in silico structures is fundamental, primarily because computer simulation contributes to more accurate planning of future either in vitro or in vivo studies. Therefore, the reviews developed from this protocol will guide decision-making regarding the choice of targets/models in future research focused on therapeutics of obesity or Diabetes Mellitus contributing to mitigate of factors such as costs, time, and necessity of in vitro and/or in vivo assays.