D)etection of prion proteini in formiialin-fixed brain bNs hs drated autoclaving imllmUnohistochernistry for the diagnlosis of scrapic in sheep. Jouira1()l of ' tcrilnarr L)iagnostic hil,cstigation 6, 366-368 OIE (2000) Bovine spongifornii encephalopathy. In MlanlLial of Stanldards for I)i.agnostic Tests anid accicnes. 4th edni. Paris, Office Ilternlatiolnal des [pizooties. pp 457-466

No abstract

Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1/sVEGFR1) is a natural occurring antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite being a secreted, soluble protein lacking cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, sFlt-1 can act locally and be protective against excessive microenvironmental VEGF concentration, or exert autocrine functions independently of VEGF. Circulating sFlt-1 may indiscriminately affect endothelial function and the microvasculature on distant target organs. The clinical significance of excess sFlt-1 in kidney disease was first shown in preeclampsia, a major renal complication of pregnancy. However, circulating sFlt-1 levels appear to be increased in different diseases with varying degrees of renal impairment. Relevant clinical associations between circulating sFlt-1 and severe outcomes (e.g., endothelial dysfunction, renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality) have been observed in patients with chronic kidney disease and following kidney transplantation. However, sFlt-1 appears to be protective against renal dysfunction-associated aggravation of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in this review, we provide an update on sFlt-1 in several kidney diseases other than preeclampsia, discuss clinical findings and experimental studies, and briefly consider its use in clinical practice.

In KTR, uEGF/Cr ratio is independently and inversely associated with the risk of graft failure and depicts strong prediction ability for this outcome. Further studies seem warranted to elucidate whether uEGF might be a promising biomarker for clinical uptake postkidney transplantation.