Until 2018, there was no legal form in Latvia to regulate businesses that were not aimed at profit making. Therefore, non‐profit oriented organizations were forced to operate in a controversial legal status. The entrepreneur could choose to be a merchant, or to do entrepreneurship through a nongovernmental organization – which is not suitable for entrepreneurship. Local municipalities were also forced to act in a manner like entrepreneurs. In order to give their organizations autonomy, municipalities set up commercial companies that, according to Latvian legislation, were programmed to make profit. This led to a situation where the municipality, which ‘’a priori’’ operates for the benefit of citizens, when establishing a new municipal company must behave like pure merchant whose only aim is profit. In this study, the possibilities of local governments to engage in social entrepreneurship were studied by using triangulation of data obtained by different research methods. The work assesses the possibilities of local governments in Latvia to transform their existing organizations, establish new social enterprises, and entrust social entrepreneurship functions to social enterprises founded by the private sector.
This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of brands of European Higher Education Institutions as a key factor for foreign students. The globalization of education processes and the creation of a united European education area have increased foreign students' interest to study in Europe.Increasing unemployment, poverty, inconsistency in education, economic problems, political instability, low job opportunities, and unsafe environment are the undeniable reasons for young students to explore higher education opportunities in foreign countries. The main purpose of the research is to describe the factors affecting foreign students' choice ofEuropean Higher Education Institutions and provide information on the factors, which are of great importance. For achieving the aim, the previous research and scientific literature are studied, and a survey is conducted using a questionnaire. Investigation of the topic of brands of European Higher Education Institutions as a key factor for foreign students in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: the study of previous research and scientific literature and analysis of the survey results. Methodological tools of the research methods are the creation of a database of respondents, a survey on the factors impacting the choice of Higher Education Institutions in Europe by foreign students and analysis and interpretation of the survey results using nonparametric tests. The object of research is the field of Higher Education in Europe, and the subject of the research is consumer choice in Higher Education in Europe. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis on brands of European Higher Education Institutions as a key factor for foreign students. It showed that four groups of factors – regional, political financial, and educational – play a significant role in the choice of European Higher Education Institutions by foreign students. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the most significant role in the choice of Higher Education Institutions in Europe for all level of students – Bachelor's, Masters and Doctors - play educational factors, the least significant role – political factors. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test show that there are statistically significant differences in the assessment of the role of factors in choosing the place of studies in Europe in different levels of study programs. The results of the research can be useful for decision-makers in Higher Education Institutions in Europe when working out different student attraction strategies, thus increasing the number of students and competitiveness. Keywords foreign students, globalization, Higher education, International Business Administration, students' choice.
At 01/09/2010, Micro–enterprise Tax Law came into force in Latvia. The Law permits paying of single micro–enterprise tax at the rate of 9% from turnover. Innovations of the article – there have been insufficient studies on impact of this law. The aim of the paper is to discover whether legislation amendments permit the enterprise to reduce costs via network of branches by restructuring thereof into micro– enterprises. The study is based on a case study. Used methodology: study of financial documents, PEST analysis, interview, questionnaire. During the study, cost/revenue analysis has been conducted, two cash flows have been created. Results of the study are summed up in conclusions and demonstrate that restructuring of branches into micro– enterprises permits the companies to increase profitability and to decrease the costs (question of the study has been answered affirmatively), competitiveness of company is growing, and the restructuring must emphasize surveyor's motivation as well.
Migration of inhabitants in Latvia is considered to be one of the factors accelerating economic growth where, following accession of Latvia to the EU, taking advantages provided by EU membership that offers free movement and working in member states thereof, people migrate with a view to gain higher wages, to obtain better conditions of living, better environment availability, and to raise quality of life. Research of the mentioned issue is topical, because free movement of labour force from one country to another has the most direct impact on human capital, its growth and loss in a certain area; and it affects indirectly industrial and service development and growth or stagnation of a region. The goal of the present publication is to analyse migration trends in Latvia within the very context of labour force employment. The author draws a conclusion that migration policy is turned to protection of the domestic market in Latvia; intensive migration will be in progress, and this may have a future bad effect on the economic situation of Latvia and competitiveness within EU common space.
The aim of the paper is to analyze two-year results of the optimization programs of vocational school network and vocational education balancing solutions in the European Social Fund project " Improvement of national qualification system, vocational education contents and co-operation among the bodies involved in vocational education." The topic is of particular importance as the prestige of vocational education is low, the school network optimization yielded no results and vocational training does not deliver the qualities and eduation demanded by the job market. Innovation of the article - there have not been evaluation of network optimization results. Methodology applied: monographic, study of related documents, survey,interviews. The author concludes that there is a lack of a differentiated vocational education network,which is appropriate to the demographic trends; and the funds have not been allocated properly. It is offered to create integrated schools, which would be implementing basic education, vocational programs, adult education and lifelong learning.
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